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The given graph indicates the procedures of glass bottle recycle by three main stages.

According to the table, various glass bottles are gathered in the collecting site and then transported to the cleaning station at the very beginning. Then it comes to the second stage where the bottles are washed by the high pressured water, after which they are categorized into Brown, Green as well as clear groups based on their color. After that, bottles are delivered to the recycling plant where the prepared bottles are burned in furnace with high temperature into liquid glass for recycle. Next, the recycled liquid glass along with new liquid glass is shaped into bottles again through glass moulds. Finally, the newly produced glass bottles are launched into the customer supermarket, till this point, the process of glass recycle is finished completely.

In summary, it is obvious that stage 2 is the most crucial and complex one during the whole recycling process.

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The given table reveals how the water collecting set functions to gather water in the wild.

At the very beginning, in order to prepare the set, it is necessary to find a hole on the ground which can receive sufficient sunshine and abound with plenty of green plants. Then a container used to collect water is placed in the center of the hole, and the hole is covered by a plastic sheet, fixed by stones on the edge. However, it is recommended to place a suitable stone in the middle of the sheet to ensure its lower position exactly above the water container.

When the sun shines above the green plants, plants will generate water vapor owing to the photosynthesis, and the water vapor is condensed into water drops on the plastic sheet. Under the effect of gravity, the water drops increasingly gather in the lower point and fall into the container placed under the plastic sheet.

×éºÏͼ-C6T1

The curve graph reveals the international water consumption during the entire 20thcentury, and water usage in Brazil as well as Congo in 20## is illustrated in the second chart.

According to the line chart, the global water used in agriculture(500 km³) considerably outweighed that in industry (50 km³) and household(20 km³) section were, and they lead a similarly slight increase in the first 50 years. However, since 1950, the agricultural water consumption witnessed a constantly dramatic rise, reaching the peak at exactly 3000km³in 2000. On the other hand, industrial and domestic water usage rose moderately in the second half century, peaking at around 1300 and 400 km³respectively. In the second chart, we can clearly find that the water use of each person(359m³) ofBrazilin 2000, which possessed 176 million inhabitants and 26,500?irrigating lands, intensively surpassed that of Congo (8 m³), with only 5.2 million dwellers and 100?irrigating lands.

In summary, the water worldwide was mainly consumed by agriculture field during the given 100 years, and Brazil¡¯s average individual substantially overweighed that of Congo in 2000.

Öù״ͼ-C7T3

A glance at this bar chart reveals the changing average prices of house in five cities £¨New York, Madrid, Tokyo, Frankfurt and London£© between 1990 and 20## in comparison of that in 1989.

According to the graph, during the first stage, from 1990 to 1995, the average house prices of New York, Tokyo and London suffered a dramatic fall compared with that 1989, with the percentage decreasing more than 5%. On the other hand, the housing prices in Madrid and Frankfurt experienced a slight increase less than 3%.

Between 1996 and 2002, the average house prices ofLondonand New York rose dramatically, especially London with a 12% increase which represented the largest ascent. Madrid and Frankfurt witnessed a slight increase (4% and 2% respectively). Oppositely, the house price in Tokyo still decreased (exactly 5%), even though it recovered a little than the first stage (8%).

In conclusion, the average house prices in the given cities from 1990 to 20## all increased correspondingly except Tokyo compared with 1989.

The line curve illustrates the changes of fish and meat consumption in a European country during the year 1979 to 2004.

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As can be seen from the chart, the consumption of beef stood the largest in 1979 with the data of around 220 grams for each person every week. However, after a fluctuation between 1979 and 1988, it dropped dramatically to the bottom at approximately 100 grams in 2004. Similarly, the lamb also declined constantly in the same period, ending up with about 60 grams in 2004. However, the figure of chicken experienced a significant rise from 140 grams in 1979 to over 250 grams in around 2002, which leveled off to exactly 250 grams in the end. As to the fish consumption, the figure maintained a long-term slight decrease tendency in the whole stage, remaining the least popular food option among the four.

In conclusion, the chicken consumption witnessed a staggering increasing whilst other meats decreased to a certain degree in the given period.

±í¸ñͼ-C5T4

The graph describes data about the subway systems in London, Paris, Tokyo, Washington DC, Kyoto and Los Angeles.

According to the table, London railway possesses the longest history among the six cities, which was opened in 19th century (1863), while that of Los Angeles was opened in the 21st century (2001), also the latest one. The other four underground systems were all built in 20 century. In terms of kilometers of route, London subway holds the first place with the length of 394km. The length of subway in Paris, Tokyo as well as Washington DC is between 100 and 200 kilometers. However, that of Kyoto and Los Angeles isbelow 100 kilometers, with Kyoto the shortest (only 11 kilometers). When it comes to the annual passenger transporting capability, Tokyo and Parisexceeds 1000 million, especially Tokyo the largest (1927 million), while Los Angeles and Kyoto transport fewer than 100 million per year, 50 and 45 million respectively. The number of the rest two cities lies between 100 and 1000 million.

In conclusion, London railway ranks the first in terms of opening date and route length whereas Kyoto the least in route length as well as annual passenger transporting.


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4.5.2.1 ½âÌâ¹Ø¼ü

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4.5.2.2±í¸ñ¾ÙÀý

Topic 4-4£ºThe table below shows carbon dioxide emissions from

transport in three European countries in 1994 and 2004£®Summarise the

information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.£¨±í¸ñÌù²»ÉÏ£¬´ó¼Ò¿´¸½¼þ°É~ ^_^£© ·¶ÎÄ

The given table provides an overview of carbon dioxide emissions from four main transport sources (namely£¬road transport£¬railways£¬civil aviation and shipping) in the United Kingdom£¬France and Germany in 1994 and 2004£®

Germany£¬although having higher emissions than either the United

Kingdom or France did£¬saw the amount decrease slightly from 47.2 to 46.7 million tonnes£®By comparison£¬France recorded an increase of four million tonnes from 34.7 million in 1994£¬while the United Kingdom had a smaller growth£¬2.5 million tonnes over the same period£®£¨×ÝÏò±È½ÏÈý¸ö¹ú¼Ò1994µ½20xxÄê¼ä¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ÊÍ·ÅÁ¿µÄÕûÌåÇ÷ÊƱ仯¡££©

In all the three countries, road transport was responsible for the

majority of emissions£®£¨ºáÏò¶ÔËĸö¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ÊÍ·ÅÔ´½øÐбȽϣ¬µãÃ÷×î´óÊÍ·ÅÔ´£©In the United Kingdom£¬road transport produced emissions up to 32.6 million tonnes in 2004£¬2 million more than ten years earlier£¬

while other three transport sources did not show any remarkable

growth£®£¨½Ó×ŶÔÈý¸ö¹ú¼ÒµÄÊÍ·ÅÔ´½øÐÐÃèÊö˵Ã÷£¬ËµÃ÷´Ó19xxÄêµ½20xxÄê¼äµÄ±ä»¯£©A similar pattern was seen in France£¬where road transport added 3.6 million tonnes to the total emissions within ten

years£®Germany£¬by contrast£¬was the only country of the three to

experience a drop in road transport emissions£®£¨±È½ÏµÂ¹úºÍÓ¢¹ú·¨¹úµÄÇø±ð£©Other three transport sources had a lower emission volume as well£¬except civil aviation£¬with the amount rising to 1.2 million£®£¨¶ÔÆäËü¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼ÊÍ·ÅÔ´½øÐÐÃèÊö£¬±È½Ï10Äê¼äµÄ±ä»¯£©

As shown in the table£¬both UK and France failed to reduce carbon

dioxide emissions from transport sources during the period 1994 to 2004£¬in contrast to the decrease in Germany£®Road transport continued to account for the biggest source of emissions£®(237 words)

Topic 4-5£ºWrite a report for a university lecturer£¬describing the

information shown below£®You should write at least 150 words£®£¨±í¸ñÌù²»ÉÏ£¬´ó¼Ò¿´¸½¼þ°É~ ^_^£©

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The table provides information about the favored tourist destinations in the city of Llorente of different age groups£®Each figure for destinations shows the percentage of tourists who visited the destinations on their last holiday£®There are four age groups¡ªtwenties£¬thirties£¬ forties£¬and over 50-year-old group£®

£¨µãÃ÷±í¸ñÌṩ²»Í¬ÄêÁä¶ÎËùϲ»¶µÄÂÃÓεصãµÄÐÅÏ¢¡££©

The most favored destination for all age groups was shopping

centres£®The percentage of tourists who visited there was more than 80£¥, and 95£¥ of tourists of the forties group visited there. The percentages of tourists who vislted art galleries£¬zoos£¬and museums increased as the the age of tourists increased. For example£¬only 21£¥ of people in the

twenties visited art galleries£¬however£¬81£¥ of the oldest age group visited there£®On the other hand£¬the percentages of tourists who visited nightclubs£¬ discotheques£¬and cinemas£¯theatres decreased as the age increased£®For example£¬87£¥of tourists in twenties visited discotheques£¬however£¬only 5£¥ of the oldest age group did so.

£¨°´´ó¼Ò¶¼Ï²»¶µÄµØµã¡ªÀÏÄêÈËϲ»¶µÄµØµã¡ªÄêÇáÈËϲ»¶µÄµØµãÕâ¸öÂß¼­Ë³Ðò½øÐÐÃèÊö£»ÓÃon the other hand, for example µÈÁ¬½Ó´ÊÀ´´®Áª¾ä×Ó¡££©

To sum up£¬favored destinations were different for each age group£¬however£¬almost all tourists visited shopping centers£®(176 words) £¨×ܽáµÃ³ö½áÂÛ¡££©

4.5.2.3±í¸ñ³£Óôʻã

noticeable trend Ã÷ÏÔÇ÷ÊÆ

pronounced adj. Ã÷ÏÔµÄ

significant changesһЩ½Ï´ó±ä»¯

rank n. vt. vi. ÁÐΪ£¬ÅÅÁУ¬µÈ¼¶

distribute vt. ·Ö²¼£¬Çø±ð

unequally adv. ²»ÏàµÈµØ

average n. vt. vi. adj. ƽ¾ù

corresponding adj. ÏàÓ¦µÄ£¬Í¨Ñ¶µÄ

represent vt. ²ûÊö£¬±íÏÖ

overall adj. ×ÜÌåÉϽ²

in the case of adv. ÔÚ...µÄÇé¿öÏÂ

in terms of / in respect of / regarding ÔÚ...·½Ãæ

4.5.2.4±í¸ñ³£Óñí´ï

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1) The table shows (reveals£¬illustrates£¬demonstrates£¬depicts£¬describes£¬indicates) _____.

2) According to the table, _____.

3) As (is) shown in the table, _____.

4) As can be seen from the table, _____.

5) Figures£¯statistics show (that) _____.

6) It can be seen from the figures£¯statistics that _____.

7) It is clear from the figures£¯statistics that _____.

8) It is apparent from the figures£¯statistics that _____.

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1) _____ accounts for (takes up) 20£¥ of all.

_____Õ¼×ÜÊýµÄ20£¥¡£

2) On the top of the list is _____, which accounts for 70£¥£®

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3) At the bottom of the list is _____£¬which takes up 20£¥ only£® ±ÈÀý×îµÍµÄÊÇ_____£¬½öÕ¼20£¥¡£

4) A ranks first£¬followed by B at 20£¥ and C at 15£¥£®

AÕ¼±ÈÀý×î´ó£¬Æä´ÎÊÇBÕ¼20£¥¼°CÕ¼15£¥¡£

5) The figure reached the highest£¯lowest point in _____.

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1) A has almost (nearly£¯about) over a quarter (half£¯twice£¯one third) as many students as (as much money as) B.

AµÄѧÉúÊý£¯Ç®(²î²»¶à)ÊÇBµÄËÄ·ÖÖ®Ò»£¯Ò»°ë£¯Á½±¶£¯Èý·ÖÖ®Ò»£¯Ò»Ñù¡£

2) A has about (approximately£¯exactly£¯precisely) the same number (proportion£¯amount) of students (money) as B£®

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3) A has something in common with B.

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4) The difference between A and B lies in _____.

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2) During 1990 to 2000£¬there was a sudden £¨rapid£¯dramatic£¯

substantial£¯sharp£¯considerable£© rise £¨boom£© in the number of 19xxÄêµ½2000_____¼±¾çÔö³¤µ½_____¡£

3) The ten years from 1990 to 2000 witnessed £¨/saw£© a steady growth 19xxÄêµ½20xxÄê10_____ÎȲ½Ôö³¤µ½_____¡£

4) The number of private cars increased (rose / fell£¯dropped£¯declined£¯decreased) by 20£¥£®

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5) The number of private cars in 2000 was 5 times more than that in 1990£®

20xxÄê˽ÈËÆû³µÊýÁ¿ÊÇ19xxÄêµÄ5±¶¡£

6) The number of private cars roughly (/approximately) doubled (tripled) between 1990 and 2000£®

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1) We can conclude from the table that _____.

2) In short (In brief), _____.

3) In conclusion, _____.

4) To conclude, it seems clear that _____.

5) From the table£¯diagram, we can see _____.

6) As can be seen from the chart£¯table£¯diagram, _____.

7) It is clear (/apparent) from the chart (/graph£¯table) that _____.

4.5.2.5±í¸ñÄ£°å

The table shows _____.

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According to the figures£¬as people age in Someland, their social lives reduce£®Teenagers and people in their twenties _____. People in their 30s£¬40s£¬50s and 60s _____.

(general statement£¬µãÃ÷´ÓÊý¾ÝÖиÅÀ¨µÃ³öµÄÒ»ÖÖÇ÷ÊÆ¡£)

Group and individual exercise follow a similar pattern£®People of all ages spend a good part of their leisure time on entertainment. Teenagers and retired people _____. For everybody else, _____.

(general statement£¬µãÃ÷´ÓÊý¾ÝÖиÅÀ¨µÃ³öµÄÁíÒ»ÖÖÇ÷ÊÆ¡£)

Consequently£¬it can be concluded that there is a significant trend towards _____.

4.5.3 ÇúÏßͼ

4.5.3.1 ½âÌâ¹Ø¼ü

F 1ÇúÏßͼºÍÖù״ͼ¶¼ÊǶ¯Ì¬Í¼£¬½âÌâµÄÇÐÈëµãÔÚÓÚÃèÊöÇ÷ÊÆ¡£ F 2ÔÚµÚ¶þ¶ÎµÄ¿ªÍ·²¿·Ö¶ÔÕû¸öÇúÏß½øÐÐÒ»¸ö½×¶ÎʽµÄ×Ü·ÖÀ࣬ʹд×÷²ã´ÎÇåÎú£¬Í¬Ê±Ò²·½±ã¿¼¹ÙÔÄ¾í¡£½ÓÏÂÀ´ÔÙ·ÖÀàÃèÊöÿ¸ö½×¶ÎµÄspecific trend£¬Í¬Ê±µ¼ÈëÊý¾Ý×÷Ϊ·ÖÀàµÄÒÀ¾Ý¡£

F 3Ç÷ÊÆ˵Ã÷¡£¼´£¬¶ÔÇúÏßµÄÁ¬Ðø±ä»¯½øÐÐ˵Ã÷£¬ÈçÉÏÉý¡¢Ï½µ¡¢²¨¶¯¡¢³Öƽ¡£ÒÔʱ¼äΪ±È½Ï»ù´¡µÄӦץס¡°±ä»¯¡±£ºÉÏÉý¡¢Ï½µ¡¢»òÊDz¨¶¯¡£ÌâÖжÔÁ½¸ö»òÁ½¸öÒÔÉϵıäÁ¿½øÐÐÃèÊöʱӦÔÚ´Ë»ù´¡ÉϽøÐбȽϣ¬Èç±äÁ¿¶àÓÚÁ½¸öÓ¦½øÐзÖÀà»òÓвàÖصıȽϡ£

F 4¼«µã˵Ã÷¡£¼´¶Ôͼ±íÖÐ×î¸ßµÄ¡¢×îµÍµÄµãµ¥¶À½øÐÐ˵Ã÷¡£²»ÒÔʱ¼äΪ±È½Ï»ù´¡µÄӦעÒâ¶Ô¼«µãµÄÃèÊö¡£

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4.5.3.2ÇúÏßͼ¾ÙÀý

Topic 4-6£ºThe graph shows the rate of smoking of man and women in Scotland from 1960 to 2000.Summarise the information by selecting and

reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant. You should write at least 150 words£®£¨Í¼Ìù²»ÉÏ£¬ ´ó¼ÒÏÂÔظ½¼þ°É~ £©

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The line chart compares the rate of smoking of men and women in Scotland from 1960 to 2000. It can be clearly seen that the rate of

smoking for both men and women was declining and that fewer women smoked during the period.

(µãÃ÷ͼ±íÖ÷ÒªÇ÷ÊÆ£¬ÓÃcompareÕâ¸ö´Ê½ÒʾÏÂÃæµÄÎÄÕ½ṹ¡£)

In 1960, 600 men in every l,000 smoked. This number decreased

gradually to 500 by 1974 and continued to decrease steeply to 250 by

2000£®In contrast, the smoking rate for women was very low, only 80 in every 1,000 in 1960£®By 1968 this increased to 170 and rose again more steeply to 320 in 1977£®The rate of female smokers then remained stable at 320 until in 1984£¬at which point the figures began to decline and dropped to 200 by 2000£®

(°´Ê±¼äÏȺó˳ÐòÃèÊöÄÐÐÔÎüÑÌÕߵķ¢Õ¹Ç÷ÊÆ£¬ÓÃin contrastÁ¬½ÓÅ®ÐÔÎüÑÌÕߣ¬³ÐÉÏÆôÏ£¬²¢ÐγɶԱȡ£)

In conclusion£¬we can see that the rate of smoking of men dropped throughout the whole period but was always higher than that of

women£®The rate of female smokers increased until 1977£¬but then decreased for the rest of the period. (176 words)

(½áβ¶ÎÖл»Ò»ÖÖ·½Ê½ÃèÊö½áÂÛ£¬Ó뿪ͷ¶ÎÏ໥ºôÓ¦¡£)

Topic 4-7£ºThe line chart bellow shows serious violent crime levels from 1978 to 2000 in the US£®Serious violent crimes include rape£¬robbery£¬aggravated assault and homicide. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where

relevant.£®£¨Í¼Ìù²»ÉÏ£¬ ´ó¼ÒÏÂÔظ½¼þ°É~ £©

·¶ÎÄ

The multiple-line graph demonstrates trends in violent crime levels in the US during the period 1978 to 2000.

In the first ten years£¬there were fluctuations in the total crime level£¬but the overall trend was upbeat£®By about 1989£¬it rose to a record high£¬around 4.5 offences per thousand Americans£¬half the figure in 1980 (slightly over 3 offences)£¬the lowest ever recorded during the given period£®Victimisations rose and fell at a lower level between 2 and 2.5 offences over the same period£¬while crimes recorded by police showed a steady increase£¬reaching its highest in the year 1994£¬over 1.5 offences in a thousand£®The arrest rate was the lowest£¬levelling off below 0.5 offences per 1,000£®

From 1988 onwards£¬the total violent crime level declined gradually£¬so did victimisations reported to police£®In 2000£¬3 out of a thousand Americans committed violent crime£¬while half as many victims were reported to the police£®As to crimes recorded by police and arrests for violent crime£¬both dropped slightly in the last five years and the figures were 1.5 and 0.5 offences respectively in 2000£®

Overall£¬the violent crime rate£¬as well as victimisations reported to

police£¬crimes recorded and arrests for violent crime£¬was not subject to strong fluctuations in the final two decades of the last century£¬although by the end of the century£¬there was a trend toward lower violent crime levels. (240 words)

4.5.3.3ÇúÏßͼ³£Óôʻã

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Ò»£º±íʾÏòÉÏ£ºincrease£¬rise£¬improve£¬grow£¬ascend£¬mount£¬aggrandize£¬go up£¬climb£¬ take off£¬ jump£¬shoot up±©ÕÇ£¬soar£¬rocket£¬ skyrocket ¾ÙÀý£ºÈË¿ÚÉÏÉý£ºthe number of population increased/ascended/mountedµÈµÈ¡£

¶þ£º±íʾÉÏÉýºó±£³ÖƽÎÈ£ºflatten out(Ͻµ»òÉý¸ßºó±äƽ)£¬ level off ¾ÙÀý£ºÈË¿ÚÉÏÉýºó±£³ÖƽÎÈ£ºthe number of population mounted and leveled off.

Èý£º±íʾ¸´ËÕ£¨Ï½µºóÔÙÉÏÉý£©£ºrecover£¬bounce back

¾ÙÀý£ºÈË¿ÚϽµºó¸´ËÕ£ºthe number of population decreased and recovered.

ËÄ£º±íʾϽµ£ºdecrease£¬decline£¬descend£¬drop£¬ fall£¬go down£¬come down£¬collapse£¬ crash£¬ fall off£¬ slump£¬ plummet£¬ plunge£¬ slide£¬shrink, dwindle, diminish

¾ÙÀý£ºÈË¿Ú¼õÉÙ£ºthe number of population decreased/ declined.

Î壺±íʾϽµºó±£³ÖƽÎÈ£ºbottom out£¬flatten out(Ͻµ»òÉý¸ßºó±äƽ) ¾ÙÀý£ºÈË¿ÚϽµºó±£³ÖƽÎÈ£ºthe number of population decreased and bottomed out.

Áù£º±íʾÎȶ¨»òˮƽ£ºremain steady/constant£¬stay stable, stabilize£¬ stagnate£¬flatten out(Ͻµ»òÉý¸ßºó±äƽ)£¬ level off£¬ stay at the same level£¬ be similar to£¬ there is little£¯hardly any£¯no change

¾ÙÀý£º±íʾÈË¿ÚÊýÁ¿±£³ÖƽÎȵÄʱºò¿ÉÒÔд: the number of population stayed stable. /the number of population remained steady.

Æߣº±íʾ²¨¶¯£ºfluctuate

¾ÙÀý£ºÈË¿Ú²¨¶¯£ºthe number of population fluctuated.

°Ë£º±íʾÔڵײ¿£ºreach a low point£¬bottom out£¬reach the bottom£¬reach the rock£¬hit a trough

¾Å£º±íʾÔÚ¶¥²¿£ºreach a peak£¬peak£¬top out£¬reach the highest point/ the top/ the summit/ the most£¬peak in/at£¬reach the zenith

¾ÙÀý£ºÈË¿Úµ½´ïÁ˶¥·å£ºthe number of population peaked/ reached its summit/ reached its zenith.

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substantial(ly)(Ï൱) moderate(ly)(Êʵ±)£¬gradual(ly)(Öð½¥)£¬slight(ly)(Çá΢)£¬slow(ly)(»ºÂý)£¬steady(steadily)(ƽ»º)

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line chartÏßͼ£¬curve diagramÇúÏßͼ£¬horizontal axisºáÖᣬvertical axis×ÝÖᣬplateau(ÉÏÉýºóµÄÎȶ¨ÆÚ)£¬record highÀúÊ·¸ß¶È£¬record lowÀúÊ·µÍµã£¬trough (ÇúÏßÉϵÄ)×îСֵ£¬zenith(×î¸ßÖµ), general trend£¬upward/downward tend

Ôö¼Ó£ºan increase£¬a rise£¬a growth£¬ an improvement£¬ an upturn£¬ a surge£¬ an upsurge£¬ an upward trend

Ͻµ£ºa fall£¬ a decrease£¬ a decline£¬ a drop£¬ a downturn£¬ a downturn trend£¬low point£¬reduction

²¨¶¯£ºfluctuation

½é´Ê

Ò». remain steady/ stay stable/ level off/ bottom out/ peak/reach its peak/ reach its zenithºóÃæÐèҪʹÓõÄÊÇat.

¾ÙÀý: 1.ÈË¿ÚÔÚ500ÍòÉϱ£³ÖƽÎÈ: The number of population remained steady at 5 million.

2. ÈË¿ÚÔÚ800Íòʱµ½´ïÁ˶¥·å: The number of population peaked at 8 million.

3. Ͻµºó£¬ÈË¿ÚÔÚ400Íò±£³ÖƽÎÈ:After decreasing, the number of population bottomed out at 4 million.

4. ÉÏÉýºó£¬ÈË¿ÚÔÚ700Íò±£³ÖƽÎÈ: After mounting, the number of population leveled off at 7 million.

¶þ. ÉÏÉý/ϽµºóÃæʹÓÃto(µ½)ºÍby(ÁË)

¾ÙÀý:

1. ÈË¿ÚϽµµ½200Íò: number of population decreased to 2 million.

2. ÈË¿ÚϽµÁË200Íò: number of population decreased by 2 million.

3. ÈË¿ÚÉÏÉýµ½1000Íò: number of population increased to 10 million.

4. ÈË¿ÚÉÏÉýÁË500Íò: number of population increased by 5 million.

Èý. recoverµÄºóÃæ´ó¼ÒÐèҪʹÓõÄÊÇfrom

¾ÙÀý: ÈË¿ÚÔÚ200Íòʱ¿ªÊ¼¸´ËÕ: The number of population recovered from 2 million.

ËÄ. fluctuateµÄºóÃæ´ó¼ÒÐèÒªÁ¬½Óbetween ¡­and¡­

¾ÙÀý: ÈË¿ÚÔÚ20ºÍ100ÒÚÖ®¼ä²¨¶¯: The number of population fluctuated between 2 and 10 billion.

4.5.3.4ÇúÏßͼ³£Óñí´ï

¿ªÍ·¸ÅÊö³£Óñí´ï

1) The line chart depicts the changes in the number of _____ over the period from 2000 to 2004£®

¸ÃÇúÏßͼÃèÊöÁË´Ó20xxÄêµ½20xxÄê_____ÊýÁ¿µÄ±ä»¯¡£

2£© The chart provides some data regarding the fluctuations of _____ from 2000 to 2004£®

¸ÃÇúÏßͼÃèÊöÁË´Ó20xxÄêµ½20xxÄê_____µÄ±ä¶¯¡£

3) The graph£¬presented in the curve diagram£¬shows the general trend in _____.

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4) This is a line chart showing _____.

ÕâÊÇÒ»¸öÇúÏßͼ£¬ÃèÊöÁË_____¡£

5) As can be seen from the graph£¬the two curves show the fluctuations of _____.

ÈçͼËùʾ£¬Á½ÌõÇúÏßÃèÊöÁË_____²¨¶¯µÄÇé¿ö¡£

ÃèÊöÇúÏß³£Óñí´ï

1)The _____ in the graph is measured in units£¬each of which is

equivalent to _____.

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2) The horizontal axis stands for _____.

ºáÖá´ú±íÁË_____¡£

3) The vertical axis stands for _____.

×ÝÖá´ú±íÁË_____¡£

4)There was a rapid (/dramatic£¯drastic£¯sharp£¯great£¯remarkable£¯slight£¯little£¯slow) increase (/rise£¯decrease£¯drop£¯fall£¯decline) of

A over the period from _____ to _____.

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5) The curve appeared to level off in 1988£®

ÇúÏßËƺõÔÚ19xxÄêÎȶ¨ÏÂÀ´¡£

6) The situation reached a peak (/high point) at _____ in 2000.

ÕâÖÖÇé¿öÔÚ20xxÄêµ½´ïÒ»¸ö¶¥µã£¬Îª_____¡£

7) The situation fell down to (/reached) the bottom in 2000£®

ÕâÖÖÇé¿öÔÚ20xxÄê½µµ½µÍ¹È¡£

8) The figures hit a trough in 2000£®

ÕâЩÊý×Ö20xxÄê½µµ½×îµÍµã¡£

4.5.3.5ÇúÏßͼģ°å

and . It can be clearly seen that _____.

A _____. In contrast£¬B _____.

In conclusion, we can see from the chart that _____.

4.5.4 Öùͼ

4.5.4.1 ½âÌâ¹Ø¼ü

? 1Öù״ͼÊǶ¯Ì¬Í¼±í£¬ÇÐÈëµãÊÇÃèÊöÇ÷ÊÆ¡£

? 2Öù״ͼд×÷×¢ÖØ¡°±È½Ï¡±(ÕÒ³ösimilarity)ºÍ¡°¶Ô±È¡±(ÕÒ³ö

difference)£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵ÐèÒªºáÏò×ܽáËùÓÐÖù״ͼ±íµÄ¹²ÐÔÌØÕ÷£¬Ò²Òª·Ö±ðÃèд¸÷¸öÖù×ӵĸöÐÔÌØÕ÷¡£

? 3ÓÐÁ½ÖÖд×÷·½Ê½£ºÆäÒ»ÊǶԲ»Í¬Ê±¼ä¶ÎÄÚµÄÊý¾Ý½øÐбȽϣ¬

ÊʺÏÓÚÊý¾Ý´ú±íµÄÎïÌå½ÏÉÙÇÒʱ¼ä½çÏÞÃ÷È·µÄÇé¿ö¡£ÁíÍâÊǶԵ¥¶ÀÊý¾ÝµÄÈ«³ÌÃèÊö£¬ÊʺÏÓÚÃèÊöÊý¾Ý¶ÔÏóºÜ¶àÇÒʱ¼ä»®¶¨²»ÇåÎúµÄÇé¿ö¡£

4.5.4.2Öùͼ¾ÙÀý

Topic 4-8£ºThe graph shows the increasing use of consumer goods (TVs£¬washing machines, etc.) in the UK£®Summarise the

information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant. £®£¨Í¼Ìù²»ÉÏ£¬´ó¼ÒÏÂÔظ½¼þ°É~ £©

·¶ÎÄ£º

The bar chart indicates the percentage of household consumer durables sold in the UK from 1972 to 1983. The goods can be

divided into three groups. (Ê×ÏȽéÉÜÁËͼ±íµÄÄÚÈÝ£¬È»ºóµãÃ÷´Óͼ±íÖÐ×ܽá³öµÄ´óÖÂÇãÏò£¬ÎªÏÂÎÄÕ¹¿ª×öºÃÆ̵档)

Firstly£¬a number of appliances were in a high percentage of

homes for the entire period£®These included TVs£¬vacuum cleaners and washing machines£® TV ownership was the highest£¬growing from 93£¥ to 98£¥ over the eleven-year period, while washing

machine ownership£¬the lowest of this group£¬increased from 66£¥ to 80£¥£®(¿ªÍ·¾äΪÖÐÐľ䡣µÚ¶þ¾äÓÃtheseÀ´×÷³Ð½Ó£¬ÏÂÃæÓÃ×îÍ»³öµÄÊý¾ÝÀ´×öÀý×Ó£¬¼´highestºÍlowest¡£)

The second group included the central heating and telephones which showed the most dramatic rise with increases of 27£¥ for

central heating and 35£¥ for telephones£®At the beginning of the period, these appliances had been bought by 37£¥ and 42£¥ of homes respectively£® The final group was appliances that were only introduced into the market during the period shown£® Video recorder was quickly accepted into households, achieving 18£¥ ownership by 1983£®The dishwasher had less impact, with its ownership slowly rising from 3£¥ to 5£¥ between 1978 and

1983£®(µÚ¶þÀà¡¢µÚÈýÀàµçÆ÷ÏÖÔÚµÄÇé¿öÓëÒÔÇ°Ïà±È½Ï¡£±È½ÏÊÇдÎÄÕÂʱ³£ÓõÄÐÞ´ÇÊֶΡ£video recorderºÍthe dishwasherÖ®¼ä½øÐбȽϣ¬ÓÃlessÁ¬½ÓÁ½¸ö¾ä×Ó¡£)

In all£¬it can be seen from the graph that British households enjoyed all ever-increasing ownership of consumer durables from 1972 to 1983£®(

4.5.5 Á÷³Ìͼ

4.5.5.1 ½âÌâ¹Ø¼ü

Á÷³Ìͼflow chartsÊÇÒ»¸öÄѵ㡣Á÷³ÌͼµÄÌâÄ¿»ù±¾²»»áÖظ´£»Á÷³ÌͼµÄ´Ê»ãËæ×Åͼ±í²»Í¬¶ø±ä»¯£¬ºÜÉÙ³öÏÖÖظ´µÄ´Ê»ã¡£ÐÒÔ˵ÄÊÇ£¬Á÷³Ìͼ¿¼Ìâ´ÎÊý²¢²»¶à£¬Ò»Äê´ó¸ÅÈýµ½Îå´Î£¬Ö÷Òª¼¯ÖÐÔÚÄê³õÄêÄ©Èý¸öÔ¡£

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? 1Á÷³Ìͼ»ù±¾²»»á³öÏÖÊý¾Ý£¬ÎÄ×ÖÐÅÏ¢Õ¼Ö÷ÒªµØλ£»

? 2Á÷³ÌͼÒÔÃèÊöΪÖ÷£¬±È½ÏµÄ»ú»á±Èͼ±íÌâÉÙ£»

? 3Á÷³ÌͼÖгöÏÖµÄÐÅÏ¢¶¼ÐèÒªÃèÊö£¬¶øÆÕͨͼ±íÔò²»ÐèÒªÃèÊöÿһ¸öÊý¾Ý£»

? 4Á÷³ÌͼµÄʱ̬¶à±È½Ïµ¥Ò»£¬Ö÷ÒªÓÃÒ»°ãÏÖÔÚʱ£»

? 5Á÷³ÌͼµÄ·Ö¶Î±È½ÏÁé»î£¬Ö»Òª²»Í¬½×¶ÎÖ®¼äµÄ²î¾àºÜÃ÷ÏÔ£¬¾Í¿ÉÒÔÁíÆðÒ»¶Î¡£

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F 1Ê×ÏÈ˵Ã÷¸Ã¹ý³ÌÊÇ×öʲô¹¤×÷µÄ£¬Ä¿µÄÊÇʲô¡£

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F 3°´Ê±¼ä£¯¹ý³ÌÏȺóÃèÊö¡£

F 4½á¹û¡£

F 5¼òµ¥×ܽá(¿ÉÓпÉÎÞ)¡£

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F 2»ù±¾½á¹¹¡£

F 3¹¤×÷¹ý³Ì¡£

F 4¼òµ¥×ܽᡣ

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Àý4-33£ºIn two weeks£¬the fry will grow up to two inches long£®

½âÎö£ºÔ­¾ä¹ýÓÚ¼òµ¥£¬¿ÉÒÔÔö¼ÓÓãÃçºÍÇ°Ò»½×¶ÎµÄ±È½Ï¡£

¸ÄÕý£ºIn two weeks, the fry will grow up to two inches long, more than twice longer than it was when hatched£®

´óÒ⣺ÔÚÁ½ÖܵÄʱ¼äÄÚ£¬ÓãÃ糤µ½ÁËÁ½Ó¢´ç£¬±È¸Õ·õ»¯µÄʱºò³¤Á½±¶»¹Òª¶à¡£

Àý4-34£ºIn the second step£¬workers will rinse bottle glass of any colour£®

½âÎö£ºÔ­¾ä¹ýÓÚ¼òµ¥£¬¿ÉÒÔÔö¼ÓÒ»µã˵Ã÷£¬Æ©Èç˵¹ØÓÚµÚ¶þ½×¶Î²úÉúµÄ±ä»¯ºÍ½á¹û¡£

¸ÄÕý£ºIn the second step£¬workers will rinse bottle glass of any colour£®While the glass in the first phase is possibly life-threatening and

contaminated£¬the glass is now hygeian and ready for the next stage of the recycling process£®

´óÒ⣺ÔÚµÚ¶þ²½£¬¹¤×÷ÈËÔ±»áÇåÏ´¸÷ÖÖÑÕÉ«µÄ²£Á§¡£µÚÒ»½×¶ÎµÄ²£Á§¿ÉÄÜÊÇΣº¦½¡¿µ²¢±»ÎÛȾµÄ£¬¶øÕâÒ»½×¶ÎµÄ²£Á§ÊÇÎÀÉúµÄ£¬¿ÉÒÔΪѭ»·¹ý³ÌµÄÏÂÒ»²½×ö×¼±¸¡£

Àý4-35£ºIn the second phase of urban sprawl£¬land developers start to build a residential area£®

½âÎö£ºÔ­¾ä¹ýÓÚ¼òµ¥£¬¿ÉÒÔÔö¼ÓÒ»µã˵Ã÷£¬Æ©Èç˵¹ØÓÚµÚ¶þ½×¶ÎµÄ¹¦ÄܺÍÄ¿µÄ¡£

¸ÄÕý£º In the second phase of urban sprawl£¬land developers start to build a residential area£®It is to serve the needs of those people working in those office blocks and factories built in the first phase£®

´óÒ⣺ÔÚ³ÇÊÐÀ©Õŵĵڶþ½×¶Î£¬ÍÁµØ¿ª·¢ÉÌ¿ªÊ¼½¨Ôì¾ÓÃñÇø¡£ÕâÊÇΪÁËÂú×ãÔÚµÚÒ»½×¶ÎËù½¨°ì¹«Â¥ºÍ¹¤³§À﹤×÷µÄÈËÃǵÄÐèÒª¡£

4.5.5.2Á÷³Ìͼ¾ÙÀý

Topic 4-9£ºThe diagram below shows the life cycle of the butterfly£®Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant. £¨Í¼Ìù²»ÉÏ£¬´ó¼ÒÏÂÔظ½¼þ°É~ £©

·¶ÎÄ£º

The life cycle of a butterfly starts from egg laying£®The female butterfly normally lays eggs on a plant that it thinks is suitable for accommodating and feeding caterpillars£®In each egg£¬an embryo develops gradually£®In general£¬this period takes two to three weeks£®The fully-grown embryo£¬called ¡°the caterpillar¡±£¬will emerge from the egg£®

The next stage is skin-shedding£®Caterpillars will shed their skin several times throughout this stage£®They feed on the food plants where they

live£®This stage lasts for two months at most£¬until caterpillars are ready for the pupal stage£®

The pupal stage is possibly one of the greatest wonders in the natural world£®At this stage£¬the caterpillar wraps itself in a pupa£¬a creature it creates within two hours£®Inside the pupa£¬a process known as metamorphosis takes place£®In two weeks£¬the pupa is transformed into an adult butterfly.

At the final stage£¬the adult butterfly will break the pupal case£¬expand its wings and take the flight for the first time£®It marks the end of metamorphosis£®Flying around for new food plants£¬adult butterflies are ready to mate for a new cycle.

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