´óѧÎïÀíʵÑ鱨¸æ´ð°¸´óÈ«

´óѧÎïÀíʵÑ鱨¸æ´ð°¸´óÈ«£¨ÊµÑéÊý¾Ý¼°Ë¼¿¼Ìâ´ð°¸È«°üÀ¨£©

·ü°²·¨²âµç×è

ʵÑéÄ¿µÄ(1) ÀûÓ÷ü°²·¨²âµç×è¡£

(2) Ñé֤ŷķ¶¨ÂÉ¡£

(3) ѧ»á¼ä½Ó²âÁ¿Á¿²»È·¶¨¶ÈµÄ¼ÆË㣻½øÒ»²½ÕÆÎÕÓÐЧÊý×ֵĸÅÄî¡£

ʵÑé·½·¨Ô­Àí¸ù¾ÝÅ·Ä·¶¨ÂÉ£¬

I

R = U £¬Èç²âµÃU ºÍI Ôò¿É¼ÆËã³öR¡£ÖµµÃ×¢ÒâµÄÊÇ£¬±¾ÊµÑé´ý²âµç×èÓÐÁ½Ö»£¬

Ò»¸ö×èÖµÏà¶Ô½Ï´ó£¬Ò»¸ö½ÏС£¬Òò´Ë²âÁ¿Ê±±ØÐë²ÉÓð²Åà±íÄÚ½ÓºÍÍâ½ÓÁ½¸ö·½Ê½£¬ÒÔ¼õС²âÁ¿Îó²î¡£

ʵÑé×°Öôý²âµç×èÁ½Ö»£¬0¡«5mA µçÁ÷±í1 Ö»£¬0£­5V µçѹ±í1 Ö»£¬0¡«50mA µçÁ÷±í1 Ö»£¬0¡«10V µçѹ±íÒ»

Ö»£¬»¬Ïß±ä×èÆ÷1 Ö»£¬DF1730SB3A ÎÈѹԴ1 ̨¡£

ʵÑé²½Ö豾ʵÑéΪ¼òµ¥Éè¼ÆÐÔʵÑ飬ʵÑéÏß·¡¢Êý¾Ý¼Ç¼±í¸ñºÍ¾ßÌåʵÑé²½ÖèÓ¦ÓÉѧÉú×ÔÐÐÉè¼Æ¡£±ØҪʱ£¬¿ÉÌáʾѧ

Éú²ÎÕÕµÚ2 ÕÂÖеĵÚ2.4 Ò»½ÚµÄÓйØÄÚÈÝ¡£·Öѹµç·ÊDZØÐëҪʹÓõģ¬²¢×÷¾ßÌåÌáʾ¡£

(1) ¸ù¾ÝÏàÓ¦µÄµç·ͼ¶Ôµç×è½øÐвâÁ¿£¬¼Ç¼U ÖµºÍI Öµ¡£¶Ôÿһ¸öµç×è²âÁ¿3 ´Î¡£

(2) ¼ÆËã¸÷´Î²âÁ¿½á¹û¡£Èç¶à´Î²âÁ¿ÖµÏà²î²»´ó£¬¿ÉÈ¡Æäƽ¾ùÖµ×÷Ϊ²âÁ¿½á¹û¡£

(3) Èç¹ûͬһµç×è¶à´Î²âÁ¿½á¹ûÏà²îºÜ´ó£¬Ó¦·ÖÎöÔ­Òò²¢ÖØвâÁ¿¡£

Êý¾Ý´¦Àí

²âÁ¿´ÎÊý1 2 3

U1 /V 5.4 6.9 8.5

I1 /mA 2.00 2.60 3.20

R1 / ¦¸ 2700 2654 2656

²âÁ¿´ÎÊý1 2 3

U2 /V 2.08 2.22 2.50

I2 /mA 38.0 42.0 47.0

R2 / ¦¸ 54.7 52.9 53.2

(1) ÓÉ. % max ¦¤U =U ¡Á1 5 £¬µÃµ½U 0.15V , 1 ¦¤ = U 0 075V ¦¤ 2 = . £»

(2) ÓÉ. % max ¦¤I = I ¡Á1 5 £¬µÃµ½I 0.075mA, 1 ¦¤ = I 0 75mA ¦¤ 2 = . £»

(3) ÔÙÓÉ2 2

3 3

( ) ( )

I

I

V

u R U R

¦¤ ¦¤

= + £¬ÇóµÃ9 10 ¦¸ 1¦¸ 2

1

1 = ¡Á = R R u , u £»

(4) ½á¹û±íʾ= (2.92 ¡À 0.09)¡Á10 ¦¸, = (44 ¡À1)¦¸ 2

3

1 R R

¹âÕ¤ÑÜÉä

ʵÑéÄ¿µÄ

(1) Á˽â·Ö¹â¼ÆµÄÔ­ÀíºÍ¹¹Ôì¡£

(2) ѧ»á·Ö¹â¼ÆµÄµ÷½ÚºÍʹÓ÷½·¨¡£

(3) ¹Û²â¹¯µÆÔڿɼû¹â·¶Î§ÄÚ¼¸Ìõ¹âÆ×ÏߵIJ¨³¤

ʵÑé·½·¨Ô­Àí

ÈôÒÔµ¥É«Æ½ÐйⴹֱÕÕÉäÔÚ¹âÕ¤ÃæÉÏ£¬°´ÕÕ¹âÕ¤ÑÜÉäÀíÂÛ£¬ÑÜÉä¹âÆ×ÖÐÃ÷ÌõÎƵÄλÖÃÓÉÏÂʽ¾ö¶¨£º (a + b) sin ¦×k

=dsin ¦×k =¡Àk¦Ë

Èç¹ûÈËÉä¹â²»Êǵ¥É«£¬ÔòÓÉÉÏʽ¿ÉÒÔ¿´³ö£¬¹âµÄ²¨³¤²»Í¬£¬ÆäÑÜÉä½ÇÒ²¸÷²»Ïàͬ£¬ÓÚÊǸ´É«¹â½«±»·Ö½â£¬¶øÔÚÖÐÑëk =0¡¢

¦× =0 ´¦£¬¸÷É«¹âÈÔÖصþÔÚÒ»Æð£¬ÐγÉÖÐÑëÃ÷ÌõÎÆ¡£ÔÚÖÐÑëÃ÷ÌõÎÆÁ½²à¶Ô³ÆµØ·Ö²¼×Åk=1£¬2£¬3£¬¡­¼¶¹âÆ×£¬¸÷¼¶¹âÆ×

Ï߶¼°´²¨³¤´óСµÄ˳ÐòÒÀ´ÎÅÅÁгÉÒ»×é²ÊÉ«Æ×Ïߣ¬ÕâÑù¾Í°Ñ¸´É«¹â·Ö½âΪµ¥É«¹â¡£Èç¹ûÒÑÖª¹âÕ¤³£Êý£¬Ó÷ֹâ¼Æ²â³ök

¼¶¹âÆ×ÖÐijһÃ÷ÌõÎƵÄÑÜÉä½Ç¦×£¬¼´¿ÉËã³ö¸ÃÃ÷ÌõÎÆËù¶ÔÓ¦µÄµ¥É«¹âµÄ²¨³¤¦Ë¡£

ʵÑé²½Öè

(1) µ÷Õû·Ö¹â¼ÆµÄ¹¤×÷״̬£¬Ê¹ÆäÂú×ã²âÁ¿Ìõ¼þ¡£

(2) ÀûÓùâÕ¤ÑÜÉä²âÁ¿¹¯µÆÔڿɼû¹â·¶Î§ÄÚ¼¸ÌõÆ×ÏߵIJ¨³¤¡£

¢Ù ÓÉÓÚÑÜÉä¹âÆ×ÔÚÖÐÑëÃ÷ÌõÎÆÁ½²à¶Ô³ÆµØ·Ö²¼£¬ÎªÁËÌá¸ß²âÁ¿µÄ׼ȷ¶È£¬²âÁ¿µÚk¼¶¹âÆ×ʱ£¬Ó¦²â³ö+k¼¶ºÍ-k

¼¶¹âÆ×ÏßµÄλÖã¬Á½Î»ÖõIJîÖµÖ®°ë¼´ÎªÊµÑéʱkÈ¡1 ¡£

¢Ú ΪÁ˼õÉÙ·Ö¹â¼Æ¿Ì¶ÈÅ̵ÄÆ«ÐÄÎó²î£¬²âÁ¿Ã¿Ìõ¹âÆ×Ïßʱ£¬¿Ì¶ÈÅÌÉϵÄÁ½¸öÓα궼Ҫ¶ÁÊý£¬È»ºóÈ¡Æäƽ¾ùÖµ(½Ç

ÓαêµÄ¶ÁÊý·½·¨ÓëÓα꿨³ßµÄ¶ÁÊý·½·¨»ù±¾Ò»ÖÂ)¡£

¢Û ΪÁËʹʮ×ÖË¿¶Ô×¼¹âÆ×Ïߣ¬¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÍûÔ¶¾µÎ¢µ÷Âݶ¤12À´¶Ô×¼¡£

¢Ü ²âÁ¿Ê±£¬¿É½«ÍûÔ¶¾µÖÃ×îÓҶˣ¬´Ó-l ¼¶µ½+1 ¼¶ÒÀ´Î²âÁ¿£¬ÒÔÃ⩲âÊý¾Ý¡£

Êý¾Ý´¦Àí

(1) Ó빫ÈÏÖµ±È½Ï

¼ÆËã³ö¸÷ÌõÆ×ÏßµÄÏà¶ÔÎó

²î¦Ë

¦Ë ¦Ë

0

E 0 x

?

= ÆäÖÐ

¦Ë0 Ϊ¹«ÈÏÖµ¡£

(2) ¼ÆËã³ö×ÏÉ«Æ×Ïß²¨³¤µÄ²»È·¶¨¶È

u(¦Ë) =

( )

( )sin (?) ( ) | cos? | (?)

?

?

a b u ? = a +b u

?

?

?

?

?

?

? + 2

=

60 180

15 092

600

1

¡Á

¡Á ¡Á

¦Ð cos . ? =0.467nm ; U =2¡Áu(¦Ë) =0.9 nm

×îºó½á¹ûΪ: ¦Ë=(433.9¡À0.9) nm

1. µ±ÓÃÄƹâ(²¨³¤¦Ë=589.0nm)´¹Ö±ÈëÉäµ½1mm ÄÚÓÐ500 Ìõ¿ÌºÛµÄƽÃæ͸Éä¹âÕ¤ÉÏʱ£¬ÊÔÎÊ×î¶àÄÜ¿´µ½µÚ¼¸¼¶¹âÆ×?²¢

Çë˵Ã÷ÀíÓÉ¡£

´ð£ºÓÉ(a+b)sin¦Õ=k¦Ë µÃk={(a+b)/¦Ë}sin¦Õ

¡ß¦Õ×î´óΪ90º ËùÒÔsin¦Õ=1

ÓÖ¡ßa+b=1/500mm=2*10-6m£¬ ¦Ë=589.0nm=589.0*10-9m

¡àk=2*10-6/589.0*10-9=3.4 ×î¶àÖ»ÄÜ¿´µ½Èý¼¶¹âÆס£

2. µ±ÏÁ·ìÌ«¿í¡¢Ì«Õ­Ê±½«»á³öÏÖʲôÏÖÏó?Ϊʲô? ´ð£ºÏÁ·ìÌ«¿í£¬Ôò·Ö±æ±¾Á콫Ͻµ£¬ÈçÁ½Ìõ»ÆÉ«¹âÆ×Ïß·Ö²»¿ª¡£

ÏÁ·ìÌ«Õ­£¬Í¸¹âÌ«ÉÙ£¬¹âÏßÌ«Èõ£¬ÊÓ³¡Ì«°µ²»ÀûÓÚ²âÁ¿¡£

3. Ϊʲô²ÉÓÃ×óÓÒÁ½¸öÓαê¶ÁÊý?×óÓÒÓαêÔÚ°²×°Î»ÖÃÉÏÓкÎÒªÇó?

´ð£º²ÉÓÃ×óÓÒÓαê¶ÁÊýÊÇΪÁËÏû³ýÆ«ÐIJ°²×°Ê±×óÓÒÓ¦²î180º¡£

Æ×ÏßÓαê

×ó1¼¶

(k=-1)

ÓÒ1¼¶

(k=+1)

¦Õ ¦Ë£¯nm ¦Ë0£¯nm E

»Æl(Ã÷) ×ó102¡ã45¡ä 62¡ã13¡ä

20.258¡ã 577.1 579.0 0.33£¥

ÓÒ282¡ã48¡ä 242¡ã18¡ä

»Æ2(Ã÷) ×ó102¡ã40¡ä 62¡ã20¡ä

20.158¡ã 574.4 577.9 0.45£¥

ÓÒ282¡ã42¡ä 242¡ã24¡ä

ÂÌ(Ã÷) ×ó101¡ã31¡ä 63¡ã29¡ä

19.025¡ã 543.3 546.1 0.51£¥

ÓÒ281¡ã34¡ä 243¡ã30¡ä

×Ï(Ã÷) ×ó97¡ã35¡ä 67¡ã23¡ä

15.092¡ã 433.9 435.8 0.44£¥

ÓÒ277¡ã37¡ä 247¡ã28¡ä

0

5

10

15

20

25

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50

¹âµçЧӦ

ʵÑéÄ¿µÄ

(1) ¹Û²ì¹âµçЧÏÖÏó,²â¶¨¹âµç¹ÜµÄ·ü°²ÌØÐÔÇúÏߺ͹âÕÕ¶ÈÓë¹âµçÁ÷¹ØϵÇúÏß;²â¶¨½ØÖ¹µçѹ,²¢Í¨¹ýÏÖÏóÁ˽âÆäÎï

ÀíÒâÒå¡£

(2) Á·Ï°µç·µÄÁ¬½Ó·½·¨¼°ÒÇÆ÷µÄʹÓÃ; ѧϰÓÃͼÏñ×ܽáÎïÀíÂÉ¡£

ʵÑé·½·¨Ô­Àí

(1) ¹â×Ó´òµ½Òõ¼«ÉÏ,Èôµç×Ó»ñµÃµÄÄÜÁ¿´óÓÚÒݳö¹¦Ê±Ôò»áÒݳö£¬Ôڵ糡Á¦µÄ×÷ÓÃÏÂÏòÑô¼«Ô˶¯¶øÐγÉÕýÏò

µçÁ÷¡£ÔÚû´ïµ½±¥ºÍÇ°£¬¹âµçÁ÷Óëµçѹ³ÉÏßÐÔ¹Øϵ,½Ó½ü±¥ºÍʱ³Ê·ÇÏßÐÔ¹Øϵ,±¥ºÍºóµçÁ÷²»ÔÙÔö¼Ó¡£

(2) µç¹âÔ´·¢¹âºó,ÆäÕÕ¶ÈËæ¾à¹âÔ´µÄ¾àÀëµÄƽ·½³É(r2)·´±È¼´¹âµç¹ÜµÃµ½µÄ¹â×ÓÊýÓër2 ³É·´±È,Òò´Ë´ò³öµÄµç×Ó

ÊýÒ²Óër2 ³É·´±È,Ðγɵı¥ºÍ¹âµçÁ÷Ò²Óër2 ³É·´±È,¼´I ¡Ør-2¡£

(3) Èô¸ø¹âµç¹Ü½Ó·´Ïòµçѹu ·´£¬ÔÚeU ·´< mvmax / 2=eUS ʱ(vmax Ϊ¾ßÓÐ×î´óËٶȵĵç×ÓµÄËÙ¶È) ÈÔ»áÓеç×ÓÒƶ¯

µ½Ñô¼«¶øÐγɹâµçÁ÷£¬µ±¼ÌÐøÔö´óµçѹU·´£¬ÓÉÓڵ糡Á¦×ö¸º¹¦Ê¹µç×Ó¼õËÙ£¬µ±Ê¹Æäµ½´ïÑô¼«Ç°ËٶȸպÃΪÁãʱU ·´=US£¬

´ËʱËù¹Û²ìµ½µÄ¹âµçÁ÷ΪÁ㣬Óɴ˿ɲâµÃ´Ë¹âµç¹ÜÔÚµ±Ç°¹âԴϵĽØÖ¹µçѹUS¡£

ʵÑé²½Öè

(1) °´½²ÒåÖеĵç·ԭÀíͼÁ¬½ÓºÃʵÎïµç·ͼ£»

(2) ²â¹âµç¹ÜµÄ·ü°²ÌØÐÔÇúÏߣº

¢Ù ÏÈʹÕýÏòµçѹ¼ÓÖÁ30·üÒÔÉÏ£¬Í¬Ê±Ê¹¹âµçÁ÷´ï×î´ó£¨²»³¬Á¿³Ì£©£¬

¢Ú ½«µçѹ´Ó0¿ªÊ¼°´ÒªÇóÒÀ´Î¼Ó´ó×öºÃ¼Ç¼£»

(3) ²âÕÕ¶ÈÓë¹âµçÁ÷µÄ¹Øϵ£º

¢Ù ÏÈʹ¹âµç¹Ü¾à¹âÔ´20cm´¦£¬Êʵ±Ñ¡Ôñ¹âÔ´ÁÁ¶Èʹ¹âµçÁ÷´ï×î´ó(²»³¬Á¿³Ì)£»

¢Ú Öð½¥Ô¶Àë¹âÔ´°´ÒªÇó×öºÃ¼Ç¼£»

ʵÑé²½Öè

(4) ²â¹âµç¹ÜµÄ½ØÖ¹µçѹ£º

¢Ù ½«Ë«Ïò¿ª¹Ø»»Ïò£»

¢Ú ʹ¹âµç¹Ü¾à¹âÔ´20cm´¦£¬½«µçѹµ÷ÖÁ¡°0¡±£¬ Êʵ±Ñ¡Ôñ¹âÔ´ÁÁ¶Èʹ¹âµçÁ÷´ï×î´ó£¨²»³¬Á¿³Ì£©£¬¼Ç¼´ËʱµÄ¹â

µçÁ÷I0£¬È»ºó¼Ó·´Ïòµçѹʹ¹âµçÁ÷¸ÕºÃΪ¡°0¡±£¬¼ÇϵçѹֵUS£»

¢Û ʹ¹âµç¹ÜÔ¶Àë¹âÔ´£¨¹âÔ´ÁÁ¶È²»±ä£©Öظ´ÉÏÊö²½Öè×÷ºÃ¼Ç¼¡£

Êý¾Ý´¦Àí

(1) ·ü°²ÌØÐÔÇúÏß

U /V

-0.6

4

0 1.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0

I /mA 0 2.96 5.68

10.3

4

16.8

5

18.7

8

19.9

0

19.9

2

19.9

4

19.9

5

19.9

7

(2) ÕÕ¶ÈÓë¹âµçÁ÷µÄ¹Øϵ

L /cm 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0

1/L2

0.002

5

0.001

6

0.001

1

0.000

8

0.000

6

0.000

4

0.000

3

0.000

2

0.000

15

I /¦ÌA 19.97 12.54 6.85 4.27 2.88 1.51 0.87 0.53 0.32

·ü°²ÌØÐÔÇúÏßÕÕ¶ÈÓë¹âµç

Á÷ÇúÏß

(3) ÁãµçѹϵĹâµçÁ÷¼°½ØÖ¹µçѹÓëÕնȵĹØϵ

L /cm 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0

I0 /¦ÌA 1.96 1.85 1.06 0.85 0.64 0.61 0.58 0.55

US /V 0.64 0.63 0.65 0.66 0.62 0.64 0.65 0.63

1. ÁÙ½ç½ØÖ¹µçѹÓëÕÕ¶ÈÓÐʲô¹Øϵ?´ÓʵÑéÖÐËùµÃµÄ½áÂÛÊÇ·ñͬÀíÂÛÒ»ÖÂ?ÈçºÎ½âÊ͹âµÄ²¨Á£¶þÏóÐÔ? ´ð£ºÁÙ½ç½ØÖ¹

µçѹÓëÕÕ¶ÈÎ޹أ¬ÊµÑé½á¹ûÓëÀíÂÛÏà·û¡£

¹â¾ßÓиÉÉæ¡¢ÑÜÉäµÄÌØÐÔ£¬ËµÃ÷¹â¾ßÓ⦶¯ÐÔ¡£´Ó¹âµçЧӦÏÖÏóÉÏ·ÖÎö£¬¹âÓÖ¾ßÓÐÁ£×ÓÐÔ£¬ÓÉ°®Òò˹̹·½³ÌÀ´Ãè

Êö£ºh¦Í=(1/2)mv2

max+A¡£

2. ¿É·ñÓÉUs¡ä ¦ÍÇúÏßÇó³öÒõ¼«²ÄÁϵÄÒݳö¹¦?´ð£º¿ÉÒÔ¡£ÓÉ°®Òò˹̹·½³Ìh¦Ô=e|us|+h¦Ôo ¿ÉÇó³öбÂʦ¤us/¦¤¦Ô=h/e

ºÍÆÕÀʿ˳£Êý£¬»¹¿ÉÒÔÇó³ö½Ø¾à£¨h/e£©¦Ôo£¬ÔÙÓɽؾàÇó³ö¹âµç¹ÜÒõ¼«²ÄÁϵĺìÏÞ¦Ôo £¬´Ó¶øÇó³öÒݳö¹¦A=h¦Ôo¡£

¹âµÄ¸ÉÉ桪ţ¶Ù»·

ʵÑéÄ¿µÄ

(1) ¹Û²ìµÈºñ¸ÉÉæÏÖÏó¼°ÆäÌص㡣

(2) ѧ»áÓøÉÉæ·¨²âÁ¿Í¸¾µµÄÇúÂʰ뾶Óë΢Сºñ¶È¡£

ʵÑé·½·¨Ô­Àí

ÀûÓÃ͸Ã÷±¡Ä¤(¿ÕÆø²ã)ÉÏϱíÃæ¶ÔÈËÉä¹âµÄÒÀ´Î·´É䣬ÈËÉä¹âµÄÕñ·ù½«·Ö³ÉÕñ·ù²»Í¬ÇÒÓÐÒ»¶¨¹â³Ì²îµÄÁ½²¿·Ö£¬

ÕâÊÇÒ»ÖÖ»ñµÃÏà¸É¹âµÄÖØҪ;¾¶¡£ÓÉÓÚÁ½Êø·´Éä¹âÔÚÏàÓöʱµÄ¹â³Ì²îÈ¡¾öÓÚ²úÉú·´Éä¹âµÄ±¡Ä¤ºñ¶È£¬Í¬Ò»Ìõ¸ÉÉæÌõÎÆËù

¶ÔÓ¦µÄ±¡Ä¤ºñ¶ÈÏàͬ£¬Õâ¾ÍÊǵȺñ¸ÉÉæ¡£½«Ò»¿éÇúÂʰ뾶R ½Ï´óµÄƽ͹͸¾µµÄ͹ÃæÖÃÓÚ¹âѧƽ°å²£Á§ÉÏ£¬ÔÚ͸¾µµÄ͹

ÃæºÍƽ°å²£Á§µÄÉϱíÃæ¼ä¾ÍÐγÉÒ»²ã¿ÕÆø±¡Ä¤£¬Æäºñ¶È´ÓÖÐÐĽӴ¥µãµ½±ßÔµÖð½¥Ôö¼Ó¡£µ±Æ½Ðеĵ¥É«¹â´¹Ö±ÈëÉäʱ£¬

ÈëÉä¹â½«Ôڴ˱¡Ä¤ÉÏÏÂÁ½±íÃæÒÀ´Î·´É䣬²úÉú¾ßÓÐÒ»¶¨¹â³Ì²îµÄÁ½ÊøÏà¸É¹â¡£Òò´ËÐγÉÒÔ½Ó´¥µãΪÖÐÐĵÄһϵÁÐÃ÷°µ½»

ÌæµÄͬÐÄÔ²»·¡ª¡ªÅ£¶Ù»·¡£Í¸¾µµÄÇúÂʰ뾶Ϊ£º

4( )¦Ë 4( )¦Ë

2 2

m n

y

m n

R Dm Dn

?

=

?

?

=

ʵÑé²½Öè

(1) ת¶¯¶ÁÊýÏÔ΢¾µµÄ²â΢¹ÄÂÖ£¬ÊìϤÆä¶ÁÊý·½·¨£»µ÷ÕûÄ¿¾µ£¬Ê¹Ê®×Ö²æË¿ÇåÎú£¬²¢Ê¹ÆäˮƽÏßÓëÖ÷³ßƽÐÐ(ÅжϵÄ

·½·¨ÊÇ£º×ª¶¯¶ÁÊýÏÔ΢¾µµÄ²â΢¹ÄÂÖ£¬¹Û²ìÄ¿¾µÖеÄÊ®×Ö²æË¿ÊúÏßÓëÅ£¶Ù»·ÏàÇеÄÇеãÁ¬ÏßÊÇ·ñʼÖÕÓëÒƶ¯·½ÏòƽÐÐ)¡£

(2) ΪÁ˱ÜÃâ²â΢¹ÄÂÖµÄÍø³Ì(¿Õת)Îó²î£¬ÔÚÕû¸ö²âÁ¿¹ý³ÌÖУ¬¹ÄÂÖÖ»ÄÜÏòÒ»¸ö·½ÏòÐýת¡£Ó¦¾¡Á¿Ê¹²æË¿µÄÊúÏ߶Ô×¼°µ

¸ÉÉæÌõÎÆÖÐÑëʱ²Å¶ÁÊý¡£

(3) Ó¦¾¡Á¿Ê¹²æË¿µÄÊúÏ߶Ô×¼°µ¸ÉÉæÌõÎÆÖÐÑëʱ²Å¶ÁÊý¡£

(4) ²âÁ¿Ê±£¬¸ôÒ»¸ö°µ»·¼Ç¼һ´ÎÊý¾Ý¡£

(5) ÓÉÓÚ¼ÆËãR ʱֻÐèÒªÖªµÀ»·Êý²îm-n£¬Òò´ËÒÔÄÄÒ»¸ö»·×÷ΪµÚÒ»»·¿ÉÒÔÈÎÑ¡£¬µ«¶ÔÈÎÒ»°µ»·ÆäÖ±¾¶±ØÐëÊǶÔ

Ó¦µÄÁ½Çеã×ø±êÖ®²î¡£

Êý¾Ý´¦Àí

»·µÄ¼¶Êým 24 22 20 1 8 16

»·µÄλÖã¯mm ÓÒ21.391 21.552 21.708 21.862 22.041

×ó28.449 28.320 28.163 27.970 27.811

»·µÄÖ±¾¶£¯mm Dm 7.058 6.768 6.455 6.108 5.770

»·µÄ¼¶Êýn 14 12 10 8 6

»·µÄλÖã¯mm ÓÒ22.237 22.435 22.662 22.881 23.162

×ó27.632 27.451 27.254 26.965 26.723

»·µÄÖ±¾¶£¯mm Dn 5.395 5.016 4.592 4.084 3.561

20.709 20.646 20.581 20.629 20.612

20.635 875.4

0.12 0.6£¥

2 2 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

??

?

??

?

?

+ ??

?

??

?

?

+ ?

??

?

? ??

?

=

m n

u n

m n

u m

y

u y

R

u R c = 8

2

8.9 10

20.635

0.12 + ¡Á ? ??

?

??

? =0.6£¥

R

u R R uc R

c

( ) = ¡Á ( ) =5.25mm£»U = 2¡Áu (R) c = 11 mm

R = (R ¡ÀU ) =(875¡À11)mm

1. ͸Éä¹âÅ£¶Ù»·ÊÇÈçºÎÐγɵÄ?ÈçºÎ¹Û²ì?»­³ö¹â·ʾÒâͼ¡£´ð£º¹âÓÉÅ£¶Ù»·×°ÖÃÏ·½ÉäÈ룬ÔÚ

¿ÕÆø²ãÉÏÏÂÁ½±íÃæ¶ÔÈëÉä¹âµÄÒÀ´Î·´É䣬ÐγɸÉÉæÌõÎÆ£¬ÓÉÉÏÏòϹ۲졣

2. ÔÚÅ£¶Ù»·ÊµÑéÖУ¬¼ÙÈçƽ²£Á§°åÉÏÓÐ΢С͹Æð£¬Ôò͹Æ𴦿ÕÆø±¡Ä¤ºñ¶È¼õС£¬µ¼ÖµȺñ¸ÉÉæÌõÎÆ

·¢Éú»û±ä¡£ÊÔÎÊÕâʱµÄÅ£¶Ù»·(°µ)½«¾Ö²¿ÄÚ°¼»¹ÊǾֲ¿Íâ͹?Ϊʲô?

´ð£º½«¾Ö²¿Íâ͹£¬ÒòΪͬһÌõÎƶÔÓ¦µÄ±¡Ä¤ºñ¶ÈÏàͬ¡£

3. Óð׹âÕÕÉäʱÄÜ·ñ¿´µ½Å£¶Ù»·ºÍÅü¼â¸ÉÉæÌõÎÆ?´ËʱµÄÌõÎÆÓкÎÌØÕ÷?

´ð£ºÓð׹âÕÕÉäÄÜ¿´µ½¸ÉÉæÌõÎÆ£¬ÌØÕ÷ÊÇ£º²ÊÉ«µÄÌõÎÆ£¬µ«ÌõÎÆÊýÓÐÏÞ¡£

Ë«Àâ¾µ¸ÉÉæ

ʵÑéÄ¿µÄ

(1) ¹Û²ìË«Àâ¾µ¸ÉÉæÏÖÏó,²âÁ¿ÄƹâµÄ²¨³¤¡£

(2) ѧϰºÍ¹®¹Ì¹â·µÄͬÖáµ÷Õû¡£

ʵÑé·½·¨Ô­Àí

Ë«Àâ¾µ¸ÉÉæʵÑéÓëË«·ìʵÑ顢˫Ã澵ʵÑéµÈÒ»Ñù£¬¶¼Îª¹âµÄ²¨¶¯Ñ§ËµµÄ½¨Á¢Æð¹ý¾ö¶¨ÐÔ×÷Óã¬Í¬Ê±Ò²ÊDzâÁ¿¹â²¨

²¨³¤µÄÒ»ÖÖ¼òµ¥µÄʵÑé·½·¨¡£Ë«Àâ¾µ¸ÉÉæÊǹâµÄ·Ö²¨ÕóÃæ¸ÉÉæÏÖÏó£¬ÓÉS ·¢³öµÄµ¥É«¹â¾­Ë«Àâ¾µÕÛÉäºó·Ö³ÉÁ½ÁУ¬Ï൱

ÓÚ´ÓÁ½¸öÐé¹âÔ´S1 ºÍS2 Éä³öµÄÁ½ÊøÏà¸É¹â¡£ÕâÁ½Êø¹âÔÚÖصþÇøÓòÄÚ²úÉú¸ÉÉ棬ÔÚ¸ÃÇøÓòÄÚ·ÅÖõIJâ΢Ŀ¾µÖпÉÒÔ¹Û²ì

µ½¸ÉÉæÌõÎÆ¡£¸ù¾Ý¹âµÄ¸ÉÉæÀíÂÛÄܹ»µÃ³öÏàÁÚÁ½Ã÷£¨°µ£©ÌõÎƼäµÄ¾àÀëΪ¦Ë

D

¦¤x = d £¬¼´¿ÉÓÐx

D

¦Ë = d ¦¤ ÆäÖÐd ΪÁ½

¸öÐé¹âÔ´µÄ¾àÀ룬Óù²éî·¨À´²â£¬¼´1 2 d = d d £»DΪÐé¹âÔ´µ½½ÓÊÕÆÁÖ®¼äµÄ¾àÀ룬ÔÚ¸ÃʵÑéÖÐÎÒÃDzâµÄÊÇÏÁ·ìµ½²â

΢Ŀ¾µµÄ¾àÀ룻 ¦¤x ºÜС£¬ Óɲâ΢Ŀ¾µ²âÁ¿¡£

ʵÑé²½Öè

(1) ÒÇÆ÷µ÷½Ú

¢Ù ´Öµ÷

½«·ìµÄλÖ÷źã¬µ÷ÖÁ¼áÖ±£¬¸ù¾Ý·ìµÄλÖÃÀ´µ÷½ÚÆäËûÔª¼þµÄ×óÓҺ͸ߵÍλÖã¬Ê¹¸÷Ôª¼þÖÐÐÄ´óÖµȸߡ£

¢Ú ϸµ÷

¸ù¾Ý͸¾µ³ÉÏñ¹æÂÉÓù²éî·¨½øÐе÷½Ú¡£Ê¹µÃÏÁ·ìµ½²â΢Ŀ¾µµÄ¾àÀë´óÓÚ͸¾µµÄËı¶½¹¾à£¬ÕâÑùͨ¹ýÒƶ¯Í¸¾µÄܹ»ÔÚ

²â΢Ŀ¾µ´¦ÕÒµ½Á½´Î³ÉÏñ¡£Ê×ÏȽ«Ë«Àâ¾µÄõô£¬´ËʱÏÁ·ìΪÎ½«·Å´óÏñËõСÏñÖÐÐĵ÷ÖÁµÈ¸ß£¬È»ºóʹ²â΢Ŀ¾µÄܹ»½Ó

ÊÕµ½Á½´Î³ÉÏñ£¬×îºó·ÅÈëË«Àâ¾µ£¬µ÷Ë«Àâ¾µµÄ×óÓÒλÖã¬Ê¹µÃÁ½Ðé¹âÔ´³ÉÏñÁÁ¶ÈÏàͬ£¬Ôòϸµ÷Íê³É¡£¸÷Ôª¼þÖÐÐÄ»ù±¾´ï

µ½Í¬Öá¡£

(2) ¹Û²ìµ÷½Ú¸ÉÉæÌõÎÆ

µ÷³öÇåÎúµÄ¸ÉÉæÌõÎÆ¡£ÊÓ³¡²»¿ÉÌ«ÁÁ£¬·ì²»¿ÉÌ«¿í£¬Í¬Ê±Ë«Àâ¾µÀâ¼¹ÓëÏÁ·ìÓ¦ÑϸñƽÐС£È¡ÏÂ͸¾µ£¬Îª·½±ãµ÷½Ú¿É

ÏȽ«²â΢Ŀ¾µÒÆÖÁ½ü´¦£¬´ýµ÷³öÇåÎúµÄ¸ÉÉæÌõÎƺóÔÙ½«²â΢Ŀ¾µÒƵ½Âú×ã´óÓÚ͸¾µËı¶½¹¾àµÄλÖá£

(3) Ëæ×ÅD µÄÔö¼Ó¹Û²ì¸ÉÉæÌõÎƵı仯¹æÂÉ¡£

(4) ²âÁ¿

¢Ù ²âÁ¿ÌõÎƼä¾à¦¤x

¢Ú Óù²éî·¨²âÁ¿Á½Ðé¹âÔ´S1 ºÍS2 µÄ¾àÀëd

¢Û ²âÁ¿ÏÁ·ìµ½²â΢Ŀ¾µ²æË¿µÄ¾àÀëD

Êý¾Ý´¦Àí

²â¦¤x Êý¾Ý¼Ç¼mm

´ÎÊý

ÌõÎÆλÖÃ

±»²âÌõÎÆÊý|a-a¡ä| ¦¤x

ÆðʼλÖÃa ÖÕÁËλÖÃa¡ä

1 8.095 3.575 10 4.520 0.4520

2 3.554 8.035 10 4.481 0.4481

3 8.030 3.573 10 4.457 0.4457

4 3.550 8.100 10 4.550 0.4550

5 8.184 3.680 10 4.504 0.4504

6 3.593 8.080 10 4.487 0.4487

¦¤x = 0.44998mm

²âd Êý¾Ý¼Ç¼mm

´ÎÊý

·Å´óÏñ¼ä¾àd1 ËõСÏñ¼ä¾àd2

a1 a1¡ä |a1-a1¡ä| a2 a2¡ä |a2-a2¡ä|

1 7.560 5.774 1.786 7.357 6.965 0.410

2 5.771 7.561 1.790 6.933 7.360 0.428

3 7.538 5.766 1.772 7.381 6.968 0.413

4 5.755 7.549 1.794 6.910 7.330 0.420

5 7.520 5.753 1.767 7.355 6.940 0.415

6 5.735 7.515 1.780 6.951 7.360 0.409

= 1 d 1.7915mm£» = 2 d 0.4158mm

²âD Êý¾Ý¼Ç¼mm

ÏÁ·ìλÖÃb ²â΢Ŀ¾µ²î˿λÖÃb¡ä D=|b-b¡ä|

1 660 659

(1) ¦¤x µÄ²»È·¶¨¶È

u (¦¤x ) = A 0.001329mm£» ( ) =

¦¤

¦¤ =

3

u x ÒÇB 0.005770mm£»

u(¦¤x ) = u 2 (x ) + u 2 (x ) = A B 0.005921mm¡£

(2) Çód1 Óëd2 µÄ²»È·¶¨¶È

( ) = 1 u d A 0.004288mm£» ( ) = 2 u d A 0.002915mm£»

( ) = 1 u d B 0.007mm£» ( ) = 2 u d B 0.005mm£» ( ) =

¦¤

=

3

u d ÒÇB 0.005770mm£»

u(d ) = u d +u d +u (d ) = A B B ( ) ( ) 1

2

1

2

1 0.01003mm£»

u(d ) = u d +u d +u (d ) = A B B ( ) ( ) 2

2

2

2

2 0.00817mm¡£

(3) ÇóD µÄ²»È·¶¨¶È

u(D) = 1mm¡£

(4) ²¨³¤µÄºÏ³ÉÏà¶Ô²»È·¶¨¶È

( ) ( ) ( ) 4

2 2 2

10 128 . 4 ) ( ? ¡Á = ??

?

??

+ ? ??

?

??

+ ? ??

?

??

?

¦¤

¦¤

=

D

u D

d

u d

x

u u x c

¦Ë

¦Ë

mm£»

ÆäÖÐ

( ) ( ) ( ) 5

2

2

2

2

1

1

2

1.374 10

4

1

4

1 = ¡Á ? ?

??

?

? ??

?

+ ?

??

?

? ??

?

= ??

?

??

?

d

u d

d

u d

d

u d

mm¡£

(5) ²âÁ¿½á¹û

1 ÓÉx

D

¦Ë = d ¦¤ ÇóµÃ¦Ë = 5.87731¡Á10-4 mm¡£

2 ( ) 2.427 10 7 ¦Ë = ¡Á ? c u mm£»°üº¬Òò×Ók = 2ʱ£¬¦Ë µÄÀ©Õ¹²»È·¶¨¶È(¦Ë ) c U = 2u ½á¹û±í´ïʽΪ

¦Ë = ¦Ë +U = (5.877 ¡À 0.005) ¡Á10?4 mm¡£

1. ²âÁ¿Ç°ÒÇÆ÷µ÷½ÚÓ¦´ïµ½Ê²Ã´ÒªÇó?ÔõÑù²ÅÄܵ÷½Ú³öÇåÎúµÄ¸ÉÉæÌõÎÆ?

2. ´ð£º¹²ÖᣬÏÁ·êºÍÀⱳƽÐÐÓë²â΢Ŀ¾µ¹²Öᣬ²¢Êʵ±µ÷½ÚÏÁ·êµÄ

¿í¶È¡£

2. ±¾ÊµÑéÈçºÎ²âµÃÁ½Ðé¹âÔ´µÄ¾àÀëd?»¹ÓÐÆäËû°ì·¨Âð?

´ð£ºd=(d1*d2)1/2 »òÀûÓò¨³¤¦ËÒÑÖªµÄ¼¤¹â×÷¹âÔ´£¬Ôòd=(D/¦¤x)¦Ë

3. ÏÁ·ìÓë²â΢Ŀ¾µµÄ¾àÀë¼°ÓëË«Àâ¾µµÄ¾àÀë¸Ä±äʱ£¬ÌõÎƵļä¾àºÍ

ÊýÁ¿Óкα仯?

´ð£ºÏÁ·ìºÍ²â΢Ŀ¾µµÄ¾àÀëÔ½½ü£¬ÌõÎƵļä¾àÔ½Õ­£¬ÊýÁ¿²»±ä£¬ÏÁ·ì

ºÍË«Àâ¾µµÄ¾àÀëÔ½½ü£¬ÌõÎƼä¾àÔ½¿í£¬ÊýÁ¿Ô½Ð¡¡£

4 . ÔÚͬһͼÄÚ»­³öÏà¾àΪd Ðé¹âÔ´µÄS1 ºÍS2 Ëù³ÉµÄÏñd1 ºÍ

d2 µÄ¹â·ͼ¡£

²â±¡Í¸¾µµÄ½¹¾à

ʵÑéÄ¿µÄ

(1) ÕÆÎղⱡ͸¾µ½¹¾àµÄ¼¸ÖÖ·½·¨£»

(2) ÕÆÎÕ¼òµ¥¹â·µÄ·ÖÎöºÍµ÷ÕûµÄ·½·¨£»

(3) Á˽â͸¾µ³ÉÏñÔ­Àí£¬ÕÆÎÕ͸¾µ³ÉÏñ¹æÂÉ£»

(4) ½øÒ»²½Ñ§Ï°²»È·¶¨¶ÈµÄ¼ÆËã·½·¨¡£

ʵÑé·½·¨Ô­Àí

(1) ×Ô×¼·¨

µ±¹â(Îï)µãÔÚ͹͸¾µµÄ½¹Æ½ÃæÉÏʱ£¬¹âµã·¢³öµÄ¹âÏß¾­¹ý͸¾µ±ä³ÉƽÐйâÊø£¬ÔÙ¾­¹ýÔÚ͸¾µÁíÒ»²àµÄƽÃæ¾µ·´Éäºó

ÓÖ»ã¾ÛÔÚÔ­½¹Æ½ÃæÉÏÇÒÓë·¢¹âµã(Îïµã)¶Ô³Æ¡£

(2) Îï¾àÏñ¾à·¨

²â³öÎï¾à(u)ÓëÏà¾à(v)´úÈ빫ʽ£º1/u +1/v=1/f ¿ÉÇóf

(3) ¹²éî·¨

±£³ÖÎïÓëÆÁµÄ¾àÀë(L)²»±ä,Òƶ¯Í¸¾µ£¬Òƶ¯µÄ¾àÀëΪ(e)£¬ÆäÖÐÒ»´Î³É·Å´óÏñÁíÒ»´Î³ÉËõСÏñ,·Å´óÏñ1/u + 1/v=1/

f ,ËõСÏñ1/(u+e)+1/(v-e)=1/ f ,ÓÉÓÚu+v=L £¬ËùÒÔf =(L2-e2)/4L ¡£

(4) °¼Í¸¾µ½¹¾àµÄ²âÁ¿

ÀûÓùâ·¿ÉÄæÔ­Àí£¬½«Í¹Í¸¾µËù³ÉµÄʵÏñ×÷Ϊ°¼Í¸¾µµÄÎ¼´¿É²â³ö°¼Í¸¾µ³ÉʵÏñµÄÎï¾àºÍÏñ¾à£¬´úÈ빫ʽ1/u +

1/v=1/f ¿ÉÇó³ö½¹¾àf¡£

ʵÑé²½Öè

±¾ÊµÑéΪ¼òµ¥Éè¼ÆÐÔʵÑ飬¾ßÌåʵÑé²½ÖèÓÉѧÉú×ÔÐÐÈ·¶¨£¬±ØҪʱ¿Î½¨ÒéѧÉú°´ÕÕʵÑéÔ­Àí¼°·½·¨ÖеÄ˳Ðò×÷ÊÔ

Ñé¡£ÒªÇóѧÉú×ÔÐÐÉè¼ÆµÄÄÜÖ±½Ó·´Ó³³ö²âÁ¿½á¹ûµÄÊý¾Ý¼Ç¼±í¸ñ¡£

Êý¾Ý´¦Àí

(1) ×Ô×¼·¨£¬Îï¾àÏñ¾à·¨£¬Ôò°¼Í¸¾µ½¹¾àÈý¸öÊÔÑ齫Ëù²âÊý¾Ý¼°¼ÆËã½á¹ûÌîдÔÚ×ÔÐÐÉè¼ÆµÄ±í¸ñÖС£

(2) ¶Ô¹²éî·¨µÄ²âÁ¿Êý¾Ý¼°´¦ÀíʵÀý

²âÁ¿Êý¾Ý¼Ç¼±í

O1 O2

e=o2-o1

f=(L2-e2)/4

L

f

O1 ×óO1 ÓÒO1 O2 ×óO2 ÓÒO2

52.4

3

52.9

0

52.6

7

98.0

0

99.0

0

98.5

0

45.83 19.82

19.6

9

53.5

0

52.7

0

53.1

0

97.9

8

99.2

0

98.5

9

45.49 19.92

51.6

7

52.8

9

52.2

8

99.0

0

99.5

0

99.2

5

46.97 19.52

52.7

0

52.9

0

52.8

0

98.8

0

99.2

1

99.0

1

46.21 19.64

51.3

0

52.8

0

52.0

5

98.6

0

98.9

0

98.7

5

46.70 19.59

52.3

4

52.8

0

52.5

7

98.3

4

99.1

0

98.7

2

46.15 19.70

¢Ù ²»È·¶¨¶ÈµÄ¼ÆËã¹ý³Ì:

uA(e)=

( )

( ) =

?

¦² ?

6 6 1

6

1

e e 2 i

0.047 cm u (e ) B = 0.30 cm

u(e)= u (e) u (e) A B

2 + 2 = 0.31 cm u(L) = 0.30 cm

ËùÒÔ

( )

( ) ( ) 2( ) -2

2

2 2

2

2

2 2

2 2

2 0.368 10 = ¡Á ??

?

??

?

?

? +

?

?

?

?

?

?

+

= u e

L e

u L e

L e L

L e

f

u f

u( f )=0.368¡Á10-2¡Á19.683cm=0.072cm U =2u( f )=0.145cm=0.1cm

¢Ú ×îºó±í´ïʽ:f = (19.7¡À0.1) cm

1. ÄãÈÏΪÈýÖÖ²âÁ¿Í¹Í¸¾µ½¹¾àµÄ·½·¨£¬ÄÄÖÖ×îºÃ?Ϊʲô?

´ð£º¹²éî·¨×îºÃ£¬ÒòΪÕâ¸ö·½·¨°Ñ½¹¾àµÄ²âÁ¿¹é½áΪ¶Ô¿ÉÒÔ¾«È·²â¶¨µÄÁ¿L ºÍe µÄ²âÁ¿£¬±ÜÃâÁËÔÚ²âÁ¿u ºÍv ʱ£¬ÓÉÓÚ

¹À¼Æ͸¾µ¹âÐÄλÖò»×¼È·Ëù´øÀ´µÄÎó²î¡£

2. ÓÉL

f L e

4

2 ? 2

=

ÍƵ¼³ö¹²éî·¨²âf µÄ±ê×¼Ïà¶ÔºÏ³É²»È·¶¨¶È´«µÝ¹«Ê½¡£¸ù¾Ýʵ¼Ê½á¹û£¬ÊÔ˵Ã÷uB(L)¡¢uB(e)¡¢uA(e)

ÄĸöÁ¿¶Ô×îºó½á¹ûÓ°Ïì×î´ó?Ϊʲô?ÓÉ´ËÄã¿É·ñµÃµ½Ò»Ð©¶ÔʵÑé¾ßÓÐÖ¸µ¼ÐÔÒâÒåµÄ½áÂÛ? ´ð£ºuA(L)¶Ô×îºó½á¹ûÓ°Ïì×î

´ó£¬ÒòΪL Ϊµ¥´Î²âÁ¿Á¿¡£¶ÔO1¡¢O2µÄ²âÁ¿Ê±£¬Òª²ÉÓÃ×óÓұƽü·¨¶ÁÊý¡£

3. ²âÁ¿°¼Í¸¾µ½¹¾àf ºÍʵÑéÊÒ¸ø³öµÄf0£¬±È½Ïºó¼ÆËã³öµÄE Öµ£¨Ïà¶ÔÎó²î£©Ò»°ã±È½Ï´ó£¬ÊÔ·ÖÎöE ´óµÄÔ­Òò?

´ð£ºE ½Ï´óµÄÔ­Òò¿ÉÄÜÊÇÒòΪ·ÅÈ밼͸¾µºóËù³ÉÏñµÄÇåÎú¶ÈºÜÄÑÈ·¶¨£¬¼´ÏñµÄ¾Û½¹Çé¿ö²»ºÃ£¬´Ó¶øµ¼ÖºÜÄѲâ³öÇå

Îú³ÉÏñµÄλÖá£

4. ÔÚ²âÁ¿Í¹Í¸¾µµÄ½¹¾àʱ£¬¿ÉÒÔÀûÓòâµÃµÄ¶à×éu¡¢v Öµ£¬È»ºóÒÔu+v ×÷×ÝÖᣬÒÔu¡¤v ×÷ºáÖᣬ»­³öʵÑéÇúÏß¡£¸ù¾Ý

ʽ(3-15-1)ÊÂÏÈÍƶÏÒ»ÏÂʵÑéÇúÏß½«ÊôÓÚʲôÀàÐÍ£¬ÔõÑù¸ù¾ÝÕâÌõÇúÏßÇó³ö͸¾µµÄ½¹¾àf?

´ð£ºÇúÏßÊÇÖ±Ïߣ¬¿É¸ù¾ÝÖ±ÏßµÄбÂÊÇó³öf£¬f=1/k£¬ÒòΪ1/f=1/u+1/v£¬¼´u ¦Ô

f u ¦Ô

+

=

£¬¹Ê¿ÉÓÐf=1/k¡£

5. ²âÁ¿Í¹Í¸¾µµÄ½¹¾àʱ£¬¿ÉÒÔ²âµÃ¶à×éu¡¢v Öµ£¬ÒÔv/u(¼´ÏñµÄ·Å´óÂÊ)×÷×ÝÖᣬÒÔv ×÷ºáÖᣬ»­³öʵÑéÇúÏß¡£ÊÔÎÊÕâ

ÌõʵÑéÇúÏß¾ßÓÐʲôÐÎ×´?ÔõÑùÓÉÕâÌõÇúÏßÇó³ö͸¾µµÄ½¹¾àf ?

´ð£ºÇúÏßÊÇÖ±Ïߣ¬ÔÚºáÖáÉϵĽؾà¾ÍÊÇf¡£

¼¤¹âÈ«Ï¢ÕÕÏà

ʵÑéÄ¿µÄ

(1) Á˽âÈ«Ï¢ÕÕÏàµÄÔ­Àí¼°Ìص㡣

(2) ÕÆÎÕÂþ·´ÉäÎïÌåµÄÈ«Ï¢ÕÕÏà·½·¨£¬ÖÆ×÷Âþ·´ÉäµÄÈýάȫϢͼ¡£

(3) ÕÆÎÕ·´ÉäÈ«Ï¢µÄÕÕÏà·½·¨£¬Ñ§»áÖÆ×÷ÎïÌåµÄ°×¹âÔÙÏÖ·´ÉäȫϢͼ¡£

(4) ½øÒ»²½ÊìϤ¹â·µÄµ÷Õû·½·¨£¬Ñ§Ï°°µÊÒ¼¼Êõ¡£

ʵÑé·½·¨Ô­Àí

(1) ¸ÅÊö

È«Ï¢ÕÕÏàÊÇÀûÓùâÉæµÄ¸ÉÉæºÍÑÜÉäÔ­Àí£¬½«Îï¹â²¨ÒÔ¸ÉÉæÌõÎƵÄÐÎʽ¼Ç¼ÏÂÀ´£¬È»ºóÔÚÒ»¶¨Ìõ¼þÏ£¬ÀûÓÃÑÜÉäÔÙÏÖ

Ô­ÎïÌåµÄÁ¢ÌåͼÏñ¡£¿É¼û£¬È«Ï¢ÕÕÏà±ØÐë·ÖÁ½²½½øÐУº¢ÙÎïÌåȫϢͼµÄ¼Ç¼¹ý³Ì£»¢ÚÁ¢ÌåÎïÏñµÄÔÙÏÖ¹ý³Ì¡£

(2) È«Ï¢ÕÕÏàÓëÆÕͨÕÕÏàµÄÖ÷ÒªÇø±ð

¢ÙÈ«Ï¢ÕÕÏàÄܹ»°ÑÎï¹â²¨µÄÈ«²¿ÐÅÏ¢¼Ç¼ÏÂÀ´£¬¶øÆÕͨÕÕÏàÖ»ÄܼǼÎï¹â²¨µÄÇ¿¶È¡£

¢ÚÈ«Ï¢ÕÕƬÉÏÿһ²¿·Ö¶¼°üº¬Á˱»ÉãÎïÌåÉÏÿһµãµÄ¹â²¨ÐÅÏ¢£¬ËùÒÔËü¾ßÓпɷָîÐÔ£¬¼´È«Ï¢ÕÕƬµÄÿһ²¿·Ö¶¼ÄÜ

ÔÙÏÖ³öÎïÌåµÄÍêÕûµÄͼÏñ¡£

¢ÛÔÚͬһÕÅÈ«Ï¢µ×ƬÉÏ£¬¿ÉÒÔ²ÉÓò»Í¬µÄ½Ç¶È¶à´ÎÅÄÉ㲻ͬµÄÎïÌ壬ÔÙÏÖʱ£¬ÔÚ²»Í¬µÄÑÜÉä·½ÏòÉÏÄܹ»»¥²»¸ÉÈŵØ

¹Û²ìµ½Ã¿¸öÎïÌåµÄÁ¢ÌåͼÏñ¡£

(3) È«Ï¢ÕÕÏ༼ÊõµÄ·¢Õ¹

È«Ï¢ÕÕÏ༼Êõ·¢Õ¹µ½ÏÖÔÚÒÑÓÐËÄ´ú¡£±¾ÊµÑ齫Óü¤¹â×÷¹âÔ´Íê³ÉÎïÌåµÄµÚ¶þ´úȫϢͼ¡ªÂþ·´ÉäȫϢͼºÍµÚÈý´úÈ«Ï¢

ͼ¡ª·´ÉäȫϢͼµÄÅÄÉãºÍÔÙÏÖ¡£

ʵÑé²½Öè

Ê×ÏÈÒªÊìϤ±¾ÊµÑéËùÓÃÒÇÆ÷ºÍ¹âѧԪ¼þ¡£´ò¿ª¼¤¹âÆ÷µçÔ´£¬µãÁÁHe-Ne ¼¤¹âÆ÷£¬µ÷ÕûÆ乤×÷µçÁ÷£¬Ê¹ÆäÊä³ö×îÇ¿µÄ

¼¤¹â£¬È»ºó°´ÏÂÊöÄÚÈݺͲ½Ö迪ʼ½øÐÐʵÑé¡£

(1) Âþ·´ÉäȫϢͼµÄÅÄÉã

¢Ù °´Âþ·´ÉäÈ«Ï¢¹â·ͼ°Ú·ÅºÃ¸÷Ôª¼þµÄλÖã¬Õû¸ö¹â·´ó¸ÅռʵÑę́ÃæµÄÈý·ÖÖ®¶þ×óÓÒ¡£¢Ú¸÷¹âÊø¶¼Ó¦Óę̈Ãæƽ

ÐУ¬Í¨¹ýµ÷ƽÃæ¾µµÄ¸©Ñö½ÇÀ´µ÷½Ú¡£ÇÒ¹âµã¶¼Òª´òµ½¸÷Ôª¼þµÄÖÐÐIJ¿Î»¡£¢ÛÁ½Êø¹âµÄ¹â³Ì²îԼΪ20cm,¹â³Ì¶¼ÊÇÓÉ·ÖÊø

¾µ¿ªÊ¼ËãÆð,ÑØ׏âÊøÇ°½øµÄ·½ÏòÁ¿ÖÁÈ«Ï¢µ×ƬΪֹ¡£¢ÜÎï¹âÓë²Î¿¼¹â¼Ð½ÇΪ30¡ã¡«50¡ã¡£¢Ý²Î¿¼¹âÓëÎï¹âµÄ¹âÇ¿±ÈΪ

3:1¡«8:1£¨Í¨¹ýµ÷ÕûÀ©Êø¾µµÄλÖÃÀ´ÊµÏÖ£©¡£¢ÞÆعâʱ¼äΪ6S¡£¢ßÉϵ×Ƭ¼°ÆعâÅÄÕÕ£¨µ×ƬÉϺúóÒª¾²Ö¹1¡«2min£©£¬Ò©

ĤÃæÒªÕý¶ÔÎïÌå·Å¡£

(2) °×¹âÔÙÏÖ·´ÉäȫϢͼ

¢Ù °´·´ÉäÈ«Ï¢¹â·°Ú·ÅºÃ¸÷Ôª¼þµÄλÖã¬ÏȲ»·ÅÈëÀ©Êø¾µL£¬¸÷¹âÊÂÓę̈ÃæƽÐС£¢Ú µ÷ÕûÓ²±Ò£¬Ê¹Ö®Óë¸É°å£¨ÆÁ£©

ƽÐУ¬Ê¹¼¤¹âÊøÕÕÔÚÓ²±ÒµÄÖÐÐÄ¡£¢Û ·ÅÈëÀ©Êø¾µ£¬Ê¹¹â¾ùÔÈÕÕÉäÇÒ¹âÇ¿ÊÊÖУ¬È·¶¨Æعâʱ¼äΪ3s¡£¢Ü Æع⣬Ӳ±ÒÓë

¸É°å¼ä¾àΪ1cm¡£

(3) µ×Ƭ´¦Àí

¢Ù ÏÔÓ°¡£¢ÚÏÔÓ°ºó³åÏ´1min£¬Í£ÏÔ30s ×óÓÒ£¬¶¨Ó°3¡«5min£¬¶¨Ó°ºó¿É´ò¿ª°×³ãµÆ£¬ÓÃË®³åÏ´¸É°å5¡«10min£¬ÔÙ

Óôµ·ç»ú´µ¸É£¨´µÊ±²»¿ÉÌ«½üÇÒ²»¿ÉÕý¶Ô×Å´µ£¬ÒÔÃâҩĤÊÕËõ£©¡£

(4) ÔÙÏÖ¹Û²ì

¢Ù Âþ·´ÉäȫϢͼµÄÔÙÏÖ¡£

¢Ú °×¹âÔÙÏÖ·´ÉäȫϢͼµÄ¹Û²ì¡£

Êý¾Ý´¦Àí±¾ÊµÑéÎÞÊý¾Ý´¦ÀíÄÚÈÝ

1. È«Ï¢ÕÕÏñÓÐÄÄЩÖØÒªÌصã?

´ð£ºÈ«Ï¢ÕÕÏàÊÇÀûÓùⲨµÄ¸ÉÉæºÍÑÜÉäÔ­Àí£¬½«ÎïÌå¡°·¢³ö¡±µÄÌض¨²¨Ç°£¨Í¬Ê±°üÀ¨Õñ·ùºÍλÏࣩÒÔ¸ÉÉæÌõÎƵÄÐÎʽ¼Ç

¼ÏÂÀ´£¬È»ºóÔÚÒ»¶¨Ìõ¼þÏ£¬ÀûÓÃÑÜÉäÔÙÏÖÔ­ÎïÌåµÄÁ¢ÌåÏñ¡£È«Ï¢ÕÕÏà±ØÐë·ÖÁ½²½½øÐУº£¨1£©ÎïÌåȫϢͼµÄ¼Ç¼¹ý³Ì£»

£¨2£©Á¢ÌåÎïÏñµÄÔÙÏÖ¹ý³Ì¡£

2. È«Ï¢µ×ƬºÍÆÕͨÕÕÏñµ×ƬÓÐʲôÇø±ð?

´ð£º£¨1£©È«Ï¢ÕÕÏàÄܹ»°ÑÎï¹â²¨µÄÈ«²¿ÐÅÏ¢£¨¼´Õñ·ùºÍÏàλ£©È«²¿¼Ç¼ÏÂÀ´£¬¶øÆÕͨÕÕÏàÖ»ÄܼǼÎï¹â²¨µÄÇ¿¶È£¨¼È

Õñ·ù£©£¬Òò´Ë£¬È«Ï¢ÕÕƬÄÜÔÙÏÖ³öÓëÔ­ÎïÌåÍêÈ«ÏàͬµÄÁ¢ÌåͼÏó¡££¨2£©ÓÉÓÚÈ«Ï¢ÕÕƬÉϵÄÿ²¿·Ö¶¼°üº¬Á˱»ÉãÎïÌåÉÏ

ÿһµãµÄ¹â²¨ÐÅÏ¢£¬ËùÒÔ£¬Ëü¾ßÓпɷָîÐÔ£¬¼´È«Ï¢ÕÕƬµÄÿһ²¿·Ö¶¼¿ÉÒÔÔÙÏÖ³öÔ­ÎïÌåµÄÁ¢ÌåͼÏó¡££¨ 3£©ÔÚͬһÕÅ

È«Ï¢µ×ƬÉÏ£¬¿ÉÒÔ²ÉÓò»Í¬µÄ½Ç¶È¶à´ÎÅÄÉ㲻ͬµÄÎïÌ壬ÔÙÏÖʱ£¬ÔÚ²»Í¬µÄÑÜÉä·½ÏòÉÏÄܹ»»¥²»¸ÉÈŵع۲쵽ÿ¸öÎïÌå

µÄÁ¢ÌåͼÏó¡£

H

He-N

e

L.K

S

L1

O L2

M1

M2

¦È ¦È

L.K

O H

He-N

e

L

M

3. Ϊʲô°²×°µ×ƬºóÒª¾²Ö¹Ò»¶Îʱ¼ä£¬²ÅÄܽøÐÐÆعâ?

´ð£ºÎªÁ˼õÉÙÕ𶯣¬Ìá¸ßÅÄÉãÖÊÁ¿£¬¼õÕðÊÇÈ«Ï¢ÕÕÏàµÄÒ»ÏîÖØÒª´ëÊ©£¬Òª±£Ö¤ÕÕÏàÖÊÁ¿£¬¹â·Öи÷ÔªÆ÷¼þµÄÏà¶ÔλÒÆÁ¿

ÒªÏÞÖÆÔÚ<¦Ë/2 ·¶Î§ÄÚ¡£

5. ÆÕͨÕÕÏñÔÚ³åÏ´µ×ƬʱÊÇÔÚºì¹âϽøÐеģ¬È«Ï¢ÕÕÏñ³åÏ´µ×ƬʱΪʲô±ØÐëÔÚÂ̹âÉõÖÁÈ«ºÚϽøÐÐ?

´ð£ºÒòΪȫϢ¸É°åÍ¿ÓжԺì¹âÃô¸ÐµÄ¸Ð¹â²ÄÁÏ£¬ËùÒÔ³åÏ´µ×Ƭʱ±ØÐëÔÚÂ̹âÉõÖÁÈ«ºÚϽøÐС£

ÓûÝ˹ͨµçÇŲâµç×è

ʵÑéÄ¿µÄ

(1) ÕÆÎÕÓûÝ˹ͨµçÇŲâµç×èµÄÔ­Àí

(2) ÕýÈ·Ó¦Óø´Éäʽ¹âµã¼ìÁ÷¼Æ

(3) ѧ»áÓÃQJ19ÐÍÏäʽµçÇŲâµç×è

ʵÑé·½·¨Ô­Àí

Ó¦ÓÃ×Ô×éµçÇźÍÏäʽµçÇÅÁ½ÖÖ·½·¨À´²âδ֪µç×èRx¡£

ÆäÔ­ÀíÈçͼʾ£¬ÆäÖÐR1¡¢R2¡¢R3 ÊÇÈý¸öÒÑÖªµç×èÓëδ֪µç×èRx ¹¹³ÉËĸö±Û£¬µ÷½ÚR3 £¬ µ±

Ucd =0 ʱµçÇÅƽºâ¡£¼´I1R1=I2R2, I1Rx=I2R3 ¡à 3

2

1 R

R

R R x = ¡£

ʵÑé²½Öè

(1) ×Ô×éµçÇÅ:

¢Ù °´Í¼3-9-1 Á¬½Óµç·,¸ù¾Ý±»²â×èÖµ·¶Î§Ç¡µ±Ñ¡Ôñ±ÈÀý±Û(ÔÚµç×èÏäÉÏ), ÅжÏƽºâָʾÒÇÓÃÖ¸Õëʽ¼ìÁ÷¼Æ¡£

¢Ú µ÷Õû²â¶¨±ÛR3 ʹÆäƽºâ,¼Çϸ÷±Û×èÖµ.ÖðÒ»²âµÃRX1¡¢RX2¡¢RX ´®£¬RX ²¢¡£

(2) ÏäʽµçÇÅ£º

¢Ù (°´Í¼3-9-3 »òÏäʽµçÇÅÒÇÆ÷ÃúÅÆÓÒÉϽǵÄÏß·ͼ½ÓÏߣ¬Æ½ºâָʾÒÇÓø´Éäʽ¹âµã¼ìÁ÷¼Æ¡£

¢Ú²ÎÕÕÊéP95 Ò³±í¸ñÑ¡È¡R1¡¢R2 Á½±ÛºÍµçÔ´µçѹ£¬²ÎÕÕ×Ô×éÇŲâÊÔ½á¹ûÑ¡È¡R3 µÄ³õʼֵ¡£

¢Û ¶Ôÿ¸ö±»²âµç×èͨ¹ý²»Í¬µÄÁéÃô¶È·Ö±ð½øÐдÖϸµ÷ƽºâ£¬²¢¼Ç¼ÏàÓ¦×èÖµ¡£

Êý¾Ý´¦Àí

×Ô×éµãÇÅÊý¾ÝÏäʽµçÇÅÊý¾Ý

RX

1

RX

2

RX

´®RX

²¢

RX

1

RX

2

R

X ´®

RX

²¢

R

1/¦¸

1

500

3

000

5

000

1

000

R

1/R2

1

0

1

0

1

0

1

0

R

2/¦¸

1

500

3

000

5

000

1

000

R

3/¦¸

1

46.60

3

58.51

5

06.42

1

04.21

R

3/¦¸

1

475.2

3

592.0

5

069.0

1

042.8 R

X/¦¸

1

466.0

3

585.1

5

064.2

1

R 042.1

X/¦¸

1

475.2

3

592.0

5

069.0

1

042.8

Êý¾Ý´¦Àí£º

(1) ×Ô×éµçÇÅ(a =0.1 ¼¶) ÓÉ¡÷R= 3 Ra/100 ¶øU0.95=0.95¡÷R

µÃ£ºU1=0.95¡Á 3 ¡Á1475.20.1¡Â100=2¦¸

U2=0.95¡Á 3 ¡Á3592.0¡Á0.1/100=6¦¸

U3=0.95¡Á 3 ¡Á5069.0¡Á0.1/100=8¦¸

U4=0.95¡Á 3 ¡Á1042.8¡Á0.1/100=2¦¸

²âÁ¿½á¹û£ºR1=(1475¡À2) ¦¸ R2=(3592¡À6) ¦¸

R3=(5069¡À8) ¦¸ R4=(1043¡À2) ¦¸

(2) ÏäʽµçÇÅ£¨a = 0.05 ¼¶£© ÓÉ¡÷R=¡Àa/100%(kR3+RN/10),

ÓÖU0.95=0.95¡÷R

µÃ£ºU=0.95¡Á0.05/100¡Á(10R3+1000/10)

¡àU1=0.95¡Á0.05/100¡Á(10¡Á146.60+100)=0.7¦¸

U2=0.95¡Á0.05/100¡Á(10¡Á358.51+100)=2¦¸

U3=0.95¡Á0.05/100¡Á(10¡Á506.42+100)=2¦¸

U4=0.95¡Á0.05/100¡Á(10¡Á104.21+100)=0.5¦¸

²âÁ¿½á¹û£º R1=(1466.0¡À0.7)¦¸ R2=(3585¡À2)¦¸

R3=(5064¡À2)¦¸ R4=(1042.1¡À0.5)¦¸

˼¿¼Ìâ

(1) µçÇÅÒ»°ãÓÐÁ½¸ö±ÈÀý±ÛR1¡¢R2£¬Ò»¸ö²â¶¨±ÛR3 ºÍÁíÒ»¸ö´ý²âµç×èRX ×é³É¡£µçÇŵÄƽºâÌõ¼þÊÇRX=£¨R1/R2£©

R3¡£

(2) ²»ÄÜƽºâ£¬ÒòΪÇűÛÁ½¶ËC ºÍD Á½µãµçλ²»»áÏàµÈ¡£

(3) ¢Ù²»»á£¬ÒòΪ±»²â×èÖµ½ö½öÒÀÀµÓÚR1¡¢R2¡¢R3 Èý¸ö×èÖµ¡£

¢Ú »á£¬ÒòΪҪÓɼìÁ÷¼ÆÅжÏÊÇ·ñƽºâ¡£

¢Û ²»»á£¬ÒòΪ¼ìÁ÷¼Æ·Ö¶ÈÖµ²»Ó°ÏìµçÇÅÎó²î¡£

¢Ü »á£¬ÒòΪµçѹ̫µÍ»á½µµÍµçÇŵÄÁéÃô¶È£¬´Ó¶øÔö´óÎó²î¡£

¢Ý »á£¬ÒòΪ³ýÁËR1¡¢R2¡¢R3 Èý¸öµç×èÍ⣬»¹Óе¼Ïßµç×è¡£

(4) Óɱ»²â×èÖµ´óԼΪ1.2k¦¸£¬Ó¦¿¼ÂǵçÔ´µçѹ¼°±¶ÂÊ¡£µçÔ´µçѹѡÔñ6V£¬±¶ÂÊR1/R2=1£¬

ÒòΪµ±µçÇŵÄËĸö±Û½Ó½üʱµçÇÅÓнϸߵÄÁéÃô¶È¡£

1.µçÇÅÓÉÄļ¸²¿·Ö×é³É? µçÇŵÄƽºâÌõ¼þÊÇʲô?

´ð£ºÓɵçÔ´¡¢¿ª¹Ø¡¢¼ìÁ÷¼ÆÇű۵ç×è×é³É¡£

ƽºâÌõ¼þÊÇRx=(R1/R2)R3

2.Èô´ý²âµç×èRx µÄÒ»¸öͷû½Ó(»ò¶ÏÍ·)£¬µçÇÅÊÇ·ñÄܵ÷ƽºâ?Ϊʲô?´ð£º²»ÄÜ£¬Rx û½Ó£¨»ò¶ÏÍ·£©£¬µç·½«±äΪÓÒͼ

Ëùʾ£¬A¡¢C ¼°C¡¢D ¼ä×ÜÓеçÁ÷£¬ËùÒÔµçÇŲ»Äܵ÷ƽ¡£

3.ÏÂÁÐÒòËØÊÇ·ñ»áʹµçÇÅÎó²îÔö´ó?Ϊʲô?(1) µçÔ´µçѹ²»Ì«Îȶ¨£»ÓÉÓÚµçÇŵ÷

ƽÒÔºóÓëµçÔ´µçѹÎ޹أ¬ÔòµçÔ´µçѹ²»Ì«Îȶ¨»ù±¾²»»áʹµçÇÅÎó²îÔö´ó¡£(2) ¼ì

Á÷¼ÆûÓе÷ºÃÁãµã£»Èô¼ìÁ÷¼ÆûÓе÷ºÃÁãµã£¬µ±ÆäÖ¸ÕëÖ¸Áãʱ¼ìÁ÷¼ÆÖеçÁ÷²»Îª

Á㣬¼´µçÇÅûÓдﵽƽºâÕý̬£¬´ËʱµÄ²âÁ¿¶ÁÊýÖн«»áº¬ÓнϴóÎó²îÉõÖÁ»á³öÏÖ

´íÎó¶ÁÊý£»

(3) ¼ìÁ÷¼Æ·Ö¶ÈÖµ´ó£»¼ìÁ÷¼Æ·Ö¶ÈÖµ´óʱ»áʹµçÇÅÎó²îÔö´ó£¬ÒòµçÇŵÄÁéÃô¶È

Óë·Ö¶ÈÖµ³É·´±È£»

(4) µçÔ´µçѹ̫µÍ£»µçÔ´µçѹ̫µÍ»áʹµçÇÅÎó²îÔö´ó£¬ÒòµçÇŵÄÁéÃô¶ÈÓëµçÔ´µç

ѹ³ÉÕý±È£»

(5) µ¼Ïßµç×è²»ÄÜÍêÈ«ºöÂÔ£»¶Ô¸ßµç×è²»»á£¬µ±±»²âµç×èµÄ×èÖµºÜ¸ßʱµ¼Ïßµç×è¿ÉÒÔºöÂÔ¡£4. ΪÁËÄܸüºÃµØ²â×¼µç×裬

ÔÚ×Ô×éµçÇÅʱ£¬¼ÙÈçÒª²âÒ»¸öÔ¼1.2k¦¸µÄµç×裬Ӧ¸Ã¿¼ÂÇÄÄЩÒòËØ?ÕâЩÒòËØÈçºÎÑ¡È¡? ´ð£ºÓ¦¿¼ÂǵçÔ´µçѹ£¬±ÈÀý

±ÛµÄµç×èÖµ£¬¼ìÁ÷¼ÆµÄ·Ö¶ÈÖµ¡£µçÔ´µçѹȡ6V£¬R1£¬R2 È¡1000¦¸£¬¼ìÁ÷¼ÆÈ¡1.5 ¼¶¦ÌA ±í¡£

ÒºÌåÕ³ÖÍϵÊýµÄ²â¶¨

ʵÑéÄ¿µÄ

(1) ¹Û²ìÒºÌåµÄÄÚĦ²ÁÏÖÏó,Á˽âСÇòÔÚÒºÌåÖÐÏÂÂäµÄÔ˶¯¹æÂÉ¡£

(2) Óöà¹ÜÂäÇò·¨²â¶¨ÒºÌåÕ³ÖÍϵÊý¡£

(3) ÕÆÎÕ¶ÁÊýÏÔ΢¾µ¼°Í£±íµÄʹÓ÷½·¨¡£

(4) ѧϰÓÃÍâÑÓÀ©Õ¹·¨»ñµÃÀíÏëÌõ¼þµÄ˼Ïë·½·¨¡£

(5) ÓÃ×÷ͼ·¨¼°×îС¶þ³Ë·¨´¦ÀíÊý¾Ý¡£

ʵÑé·½·¨Ô­Àí

ÒºÌåÁ÷¶¯Ê±,¸÷²ãÖ®¼äÓÐÏà¶ÔÔ˶¯,ÈÎÒâÁ½²ã¼ä²úÉúµÈÖµ·´ÏòµÄ×÷ÓÃÁ¦, ³ÆÆäΪÄÚĦ²ÁÁ¦»òÕ³ÖÍÁ¦f , f µÄ·½ÏòÑØÒº

²ã½Ó´¥Ãæ,Æä´óСÓë½Ó´¥Ãæ»ýS ¼°ËÙ¶ÈÌݶȳÉÕý±È,¼´dx

f =¦ÇS dv

µ±ÃܶÈΪ¦ÑµÄСÇò»ºÂýÏÂÂäʱ£¬¸ù¾Ý˹ÍпË˹¶¨ÂÉ¿ÉÖª,СÇòÊܵ½µÄĦ²Á×èÁ¦Îªf = 3¦Ð¦Çvd

СÇòÔÈËÙÏÂÂäʱ, СÇòËùÊܵÄÖØÁ¦¦Ñvg,¸¡Á¦¦Ñovg,¼°Ä¦²Á×èÁ¦f ƽºâ£¬ÓÐ

V( ¦Ñ ? ¦Ño )g = 3¦Ð¦Çvod

¦Ðd (¦Ñ ¦Ño )g 3¦Ð¦Çvod

6

1 3 ? =

o

ov

( )gd

18

¦Ñ ¦Ñ 2

¦Ç

?

=

´óÁ¿µÄʵÑéÊý¾Ý·ÖÎö±íÃ÷t Óëd/D ³ÉÏßÐÔ¹Øϵ¡£ÒÔt Ϊ×ÝÖᣬd/D ΪºáÖáµÄʵÑéͼÏßΪһֱÏߣ¬Ö±ÏßÔÚt ÖáÉϵĽØ

¾àΪto£¬´ËʱΪÎÞÏÞ¹ãÑÓµÄÒºÌåСÇòÏÂËùÐèÒªµÄʱ¼ä£¬¹Êt

vo = L

ʵÑéͼÏßΪֱÏߣ¬Òò´ËÓÐt = to +ax

¿ÉÓÃ×îС¶þ³Ë·¨È·¶¨a ºÍt0 µÄÖµ¡£

ʵÑé²½Öè

(1) ÓöÁÊýÏÔ΢¾µ²â¸ÖÖéµÄÖ±¾¶¡£

(2) Óÿ¨³ßÁ¿Á¿Í²µÄÄÚ¾¶¡£

(3) ÏòÁ¿Í²ÄÚͶÈë¸ÖÇò£¬²¢²â³ö¸ÖÇòͨ¹ýÉÏÏÂÁ½»®ºÛÖ®¼ä¾àÀëËùÐèÒªµÄʱ¼ä¡£

(4) ¼Ç¼ÊÒΡ£

Êý¾Ý´¦Àí

ÐòºÅСÇòÖ±¾¶/mm

Á¿Í²Ö±¾¶D

/mm

ʱ¼ät

/s

¡Á10?2

D

d ÊÒÎÂT

/¶È

1

1.308

1.304 50.14 25.41 2.61

17.8

1.309

1.295

2

1.301

1.301 1.301 40.10 25.63 3.24

1.300

3

1.300

1.303 1.302 31.18 25.72 4.18

1.303

4

1.303

1.304 1.302 23.42 25.96 5.56

1.298

5

1.310

1.304 1.305 18.96 26.28 6.88

1.301

6

1.308

1.306 1.304 14.26 26.34 9.14

1.298

ÓÃ×îС¶þ³Ë·¨¼ÆËãto

t = 26.01 x = 0.0527

xt =1.37 x 2 = 0.000328

2.29

0.0527 0.000328

0.0527 26.01 1.37

2 = ?

?

¡Á ?

a =

t s o = 25.89 ? (?2.29)¡Á0.0527 = 26.01

s

mm

t

v L

o

o

= = 4.61

kg m s

v

gd

o

= ¡Á ?

?

= 1.37 10? /

18

( ) 3

¦Ñ ¦Ñ 2

¦Ç

1. ÓÃÎó²îÀíÂÛ·ÖÎö±¾ÊµÑé²úÉúÎó²î£¨²âÁ¿²»È·¶¨¶È£©µÄÖ÷ÒªÔ­Òò¡£ÔõÑù¼õСËüµÄ²âÁ¿Îó²î?

´ð£ºÖ÷ÒªÓÐСÇò°ë¾¶²âÁ¿²»È·¶¨¶Èu(d)¡¢Ð¡ÇòÏÂÂä¾àÀë²âÁ¿²»È·¶¨¶Èu(L)ºÍСÇòÏÂÂäʱ¼ä²âÁ¿²»È·¶¨¶Èu(t)µÈ¡£¢Ù

u(d)ÓÐÁ½ÖÖÔ­Òò£º¢ÙÊÇСÇòÖ±¾¶²»¾ùÔÈ,Òò´ËÓ¦Çóƽ¾ù°ë¾¶£»¢ÚÊÇÒÇÆ÷Îó²î¡£¢Ú u(L)ÓÐÁ½ÖÖÔ­Òò£º¢ÙÓøְå³ß²âL Ëù´ø

À´µÄÎó²î£»¢Ú°´¼ÆÊýÆ÷ʱ£¬ÒòСÇò¸ÕºÃûÓжÔÆë±êʾÏ߶ø²úÉúµÄÎó²î¡£¢Û u(t)°´¼ÆÊýÆ÷ʱËù²úÉúµÄÎó²î¡£

·ÖÎö½á¹û¿É¼û£¬Ð¡ÇòÖ±¾¶µÄÎó²î¶Ô²âÁ¿½á¹ûÓ°Ïì×î´ó£¬ËùÒÔСÇò²»ÄÜ̫С£¬Æä´ÎÁ¿Í²Ó¦Êʵ±¼Ó³¤£¬ÒÔÔö¼ÓÂäÇòʱ¼ä£¬´Ó

¶ø¼õÉÙʱ¼ä²âÁ¿µÄÎó²î¡£

2. Á¿Í²µÄÉϿ̺ÛÏßÊÇ·ñ¿ÉÔÚÒºÃæλÖÃ?Ϊʲô?

´ð£º²»ÄÜ¡£ÒòΪ¿ªÊ¼Ð¡ÇòÊǼÓËÙÔ˶¯£¬Ö»Óе±Ð¡ÇòËùÊܵÄÖØÁ¦¡¢¸¡Á¦¡¢Õ³ÖÍÁ¦ÈýÁ¦Æ½ºâºó£¬Ð¡Çò×öÔÈËÙÔ˶¯Ê±£¬²Å¿ÉÒÔ

¼Æʱ£¬ËùÒÔ²»ÄÜ´ÓÒºÃ濪ʼ¡£

3. ΪʲôСÇòÒªÑØÁ¿Í²ÖáÏßÏÂÂä?

´ð£ºÔ²Ðβ£Á§Á¿Í²µÄͲ±Ú¶ÔСÇòÔ˶¯²úÉúÑÏÖØÓ°Ï죬ֻÄÜÔÚÖáÏßÉÏÔ˶¯£¬²ÅÄÜʹͲ±ÚºáÏòµÄ×÷ÓÃÁ¦ºÏÁ¦ÎªÁã¡£

Óõçλ²î¼Æ²âÁ¿µç¶¯ÊÆ

ʵÑéÄ¿µÄ

(1) ÕÆÎÕµçλ²î¼ÆµÄ»ù±¾Ïß·¼°²âÁ¿Ô­Àí¡£

(2) ÕÆÎÕÓÃÏßʽµçλ²î¼Æ¡¢UJ37Ïäʽµçλ²î¼Æ²âÁ¿µç¶¯ÊƵĵçѹµÄ»ù±¾ÊµÑé·½·¨¡£

ʵÑé·½·¨Ô­

Àí(1) Óò¹³¥·¨×¼È·²âÁ¿µç¶¯ÊÆ£¨Ô­Àí£©

Èçͼ3-10-2 Ëùʾ¡£EX ÊÇ´ý²âµçÔ´£¬E0 Êǵ綯Êƿɵ÷µÄµçÔ´£¬E0 ºÍEX ͨ¹ý¼ìÁ÷¼ÆÁªÔÚÒ»

Æð¡£µ±µ÷½ÚE0 µÄ´óС£¬Ê¹·òÁ÷¼ÆÖ¸Õ벻ƫת£¬¼´µç·ÖÐûÓеçÁ÷ʱ£¬Á½¸öµçÔ´µÄµç¶¯ÊÆ´óСÏà

µÈ£¬»¥Ïಹ³¥£¬¼´EX£½E0£¬µç·´ïµ½Æ½ºâ¡£

(2) µçλ²î¼Æ²âÁ¿µç¶¯ÊÆ£¨·½·¨£©

ÓɵçÔ´E¡¢¿ª¹ØK¡¢±äµç×èRC ¾«Ãܵç×èRAB ºÍºÁ°²±í×é³ÉµÄ»Ø·½Ð¹¤×÷

»Ø·¡£ÓÉRAB ÉÏÓÐѹ½µ£¬µ±¸Ä±äa0¡¢b0 Á½´¥Í·µÄλÖ㬾͸ıäa0¡¢b0 ¼äµÄµç

λ²îUa¡£b¡££¬¾ÍÏ൱Óڿɵ÷µç¶¯ÊÆE0¡£²âÁ¿Ê±°ÑUa¡£b¡£Òý³öÓëδ֪µç¶¯ÊÆEX

±È½Ï¡£ÓÉEX¡¢KX ºÍRaxbx ×é³ÉµÄ»Ø·½Ð²âÁ¿»Ø·¡£µ÷½ÚRC µÄ´óС£¬Ê¹¹¤×÷»Ø

·ÖеçÁ÷ÖµI0 ºÍRAB µÄ³Ë»ýI0RAB ÂÔ´óÓÚES ºÍEX ¶þÕßÖдóµÄÒ»¸ö¡£

ʵÑé²½Öè

(1) ÓÃÏßʽµçλ²î¼Æ²âµç³Øµç¶¯ÊÆ

¢Ù Áª½áÏß·

°´ÊéÖÐͼ3-10-4 Áªµç·£¬ÏÈÁª½Ó¹¤×÷»Ø·£¬ºóÁª½Ó²âÁ¿»Ø·¡£ÕýÈ·

Áª½Ó²âÁ¿»Ø·µÄ¹Ø¼üÊÇÕýÈ·ÁªË«µ¶Ë«ÖÀ¿ª¹ØK2¡£

¢Ú²âÁ¿

(a) µ÷½ÚRC ʹUAB¡ÝEX£¬I0 Öµµ÷ºÃºó²»ÐíÔٱ䡣

(b) ½«K2 ÖÀÏòES Ò»²à£¬½«»¬¶¯´¥Í·´Ó1 ÖðÒ»ÅöÊÔ£¬Ö±µ½ÅöÏàÁÚ²å¿×ʱ¼ìÁ÷¼ÆÖ¸ÕëÏò²»Í¬·½Ïò°Ú¶¯»òÖ¸Á㣬½«a ²å

Èë½ÏС¶ÁÊý²å¿×£¬Òƶ¯b¡äʹ¼ìÁ÷¼ÆÖ¸Áã¡£×îºóºÏÉÏK3¡£

(c) ½«K2 ÖÀÏòEX£¬Öظ´²½Ö裨b£©¡£

(2) UJ37 Ïäʽµçλ²î¼ÆµÄУ׼ºÍʹÓÃ

UJ37 Ïäʽµçλ¼Æ²âÁ¿·¶Î§Îª1~103mV£¬×¼È·¶È¼¶±ð0.1 ¼¶£¬¹¤×÷ζȷ¶Î§5¡æ¡«45¡æ¡£

¢ÙУ׼

ÏȰѼìÁ÷¼Æ»úеµ÷Áã¡£°ÑËĵ¶Ë«ÖÀ°â¼üD °âÏò¡°±ê×¼¡±£¬µ÷½Ú¹¤×÷µçÁ÷Ö±ÖÁ¼ìÁ÷¼ÆÖ¸Áãµã¡£

¢Ú²âÁ¿

У׼Íêºó£¬°Ñ´ý²âµçѹ½ÓÈëδ֪£¬½«Î´Öªµçѹ¿ª¹Ø°âÏò¡°ON¡±¡£ÏÈ´Öµ÷£¬ºóϸµ÷¡£

Êý¾Ý´¦Àí

´ÎLS £¯m Lx £¯m

S

S

x

x E

L

E = L £½3.2004V

1

LS ×ó£½4.6686

LS ÓÒ£½4.6690

LS1£½4.6688

LX ×ó£½9.5350

LX ÓÒ£½9.5352

LX1£½9.5351

2

LS ×ó£½4.6689

LS ÓÒ£½4.6691

LS2£½4.6690

LX ×ó£½9.5358

LX ÓÒ£½9.5360

LX2£½9.5359

3

LS ×ó£½4.6688

LS ÓÒ£½4.6673

LS3£½4.6681

LX ×ó£½9.5355

LX ÓÒ£½9.5362

LX3£½9.5359

G

EX

3-10-2 ²¹³¥Ô­Àí

E0

G

aX

E

EX

RC K

R

3-10-3 µçλ²î¼ÆÔ­Àíͼ

G

KX

KS

a0 b0 bX

A B

ES

mA

4

LS ×ó£½4.6687

LS ÓÒ£½4.6691

LS4£½4.6689

LX ×ó£½9.5364

LX ÓÒ£½9.5370

LX4£½9.5367

5

LS ×ó£½4.6684

LS ÓÒ£½4.6692

LS5£½4.6688

LX ×ó£½9.5360

LX ÓÒ£½9.5370

LX5£½9.5365

6

LS ×ó£½4.6686

LS ÓÒ£½4.6690

LS6£½4.6688

LX ×ó£½9.5378

LX ÓÒ£½9.5385

LX6£½9.5382

ƽ¾ùÖµS L =4.6687 X L £½9.5364

(1) ¼ÆËãδ֪µç¶¯ÊÆEx µÄƽ¾ùÖµ

S

S

x

x E

L

E = L £½3.2004V

(2) ¼ÆËãδ֪µç¶¯ÊÆEx µÄ²»È·¶¨¶ÈU

¢Ù ¼ÆËãÖ±½Ó²âÁ¿Á¿Ls µÄ±ê×¼²»È·¶¨¶È( ) S u L

( ) ( )

( 1)

2

?

¦² ?

=

n n

u L LSi LS

A S £½0.3mm£» ( ) = B S u L 8mm£»

( ) ( )

( 1)

2

?

¦² ?

=

n n

u L LSi LS

A S £½0.3mm£» ( ) = B S u L 8mm£»

( ) ( ) ( ) S A S B S u L = u 2 L + u 2 L £½8.0056mm¡£

¢Ú ¼ÆËãÖ±½Ó²âÁ¿Á¿µÄLx µÄ±ê×¼²»È·¶¨¶È( ) x u L

( ) ( )

( 1)

2

?

¦² ?

=

n n

u L Lxi Lx

A x £½1.1mm£» ( ) = B x u L 12mm£»

( ) ( ) ( ) x A x B x u L = u 2 L + u 2 L £½12.05mm¡£

¢Û Es µÄ±ê×¼²»È·¶¨¶È

( ) ( )

3

ÒǦ¤

= = S B S u E u E £½0.002V¡£

¢Ü ¼ä½Ó²âÁ¿Á¿Ex µÄ±ê×¼²»È·¶¨¶È( ) c x u E

( ) = crel x u E 0.38£¥£»

ExµÄºÏ³É±ê×¼²»È·¶¨¶È( ) c x u E £½ ( ) crel x x u E E £½0.012V¡£

¢Ý ExµÄÀ©Õ¹²»È·¶¨¶È

È¡°üº¬Òò×Ók = 2£¬Ex µÄÀ©Õ¹²»È·¶¨¶ÈUΪ

( ) ( ) c x c x U = ku E = 2u E £½0.024V¡£

(3) ½á¹û±í´ïʽ

Ex = (Ex +U )V = (3.20 ¡À 0.02)V;k = 2

(1) °´Í¼3£­10£­4ÁªºÃµç·×öʵÑéʱ£¬ÓÐʱ²»¹ÜÈçºÎµ÷¶¯aÍ·ºÍbÍ·£¬¼ìÁ÷¼ÆGµÄÖ¸Õë×ÜÖ¸Á㣬»ò×ܲ»Ö¸Á㣬Á½ÖÖÇé

¿öµÄ¿ÉÄÜÔ­Òò¸÷ÓÐÄÄЩ£¿

(2) Óõçλ²î¼Æ¿ÉÒԲⶨµç³ØµÄÄÚ×裬Æäµç·Èçͼ3-10-6Ëùʾ£¬¼Ù¶¨¹¤×÷µç³ØE>EX£¬²âÊÔ¹ý³ÌÖÐRcµ÷ºÃºó²»Ôٱ䶯£¬

RXÊǸö׼ȷ¶ÈºÜ¸ßµÄµç×èÏä¡£RÊÇÒ»¸ù¾ùÔȵĵç×èË¿¡£L1¡¢L2·Ö±ðΪKX¶Ï¿ªºÍ½Óͨʱµçλ²î¼Æ´¦ÓÚ²¹³¥×´Ì¬Ê±µç×èË¿µÄ³¤

¶È¡£ÊÔÖ¤Ã÷µç³ØEXµÄÄÚ×èx R

L

r L L

2

1 2 ?

= £¨RXΪÒÑÖª£©¡£

1.°´Í¼3-10-4 ÁªºÃµç·×öʵÑéʱ£¬ÓÐʱ²»¹ÜÈçºÎµ÷¶¯a Í·ºÍb Í·£¬¼ìÁ÷¼ÆG µÄÖ¸Õë×ÜÖ¸Á㣬»ò×ܲ»Ö¸Á㣬Á½ÖÖÇé¿öµÄ

¿ÉÄÜÔ­Òò¸÷ÓÐÄÄЩ?´ð£º×ÜÖ¸ÁãµÄÔ­Òò£º²âÁ¿»Ø·¶Ï·¡£×ܲ»Ö¸ÁãµÄÔ­Òò£º ¢Ù E ºÍEx ¼«ÐÔ²»¶Ô¶¥£»¢Ú ¹¤×÷»Ø·¶Ï·£»

¢Û RAB ÉϵÄÈ«²¿µçѹ½µÐ¡ÓÚES£¬Ex ¶þÕßÖÐСµÄÒ»¸ö¡£

L1

L2

G

RX

E

EX

K

KS

RC

R

ͼ3-10-6 ˼¿¼Ìâ2 ¸½Í¼

˼¿¼Ìâͼ3-10-6 ˼¿¼Ìâ2 ¸½Í¼

2. Óõçλ²î¼Æ¿ÉÒԲⶨµç³ØµÄÄÚ×裬Æäµç·Èçͼ3-10-6 Ëùʾ£¬¼Ù¶¨¹¤×÷µç³ØE£¾Ex£¬²âÊÔ¹ý³ÌÖÐRc µ÷ºÃºó²»Ôٱ䶯£¬

Rx ÊǸö׼ȷ¶ÈºÜ¸ßµÄµç×èÏä¡£R ÊÇÒ»¸ù¾ùÔȵĵç×èË¿¡£L1¡¢L2 ·Ö±ðΪKx ¶Ï¿ªºÍ½Óͨʱµçλ²î¼Æ´¦ÓÚ²¹³¥×´Ì¬Ê±µç×èË¿µÄ

³¤¶È¡£ÊÔÖ¤Ã÷µç³ØEx µÄÄÚ×èr=[(L1-L2)/L2]Rx(Rx ΪÒÑÖª)¡£

Ö¤Ã÷£º ÉèA ΪR Éϵ¥Î»³¤¶ÈµÄµçλ²î£¬ Vx ΪK2 µÄ¶Ëµçѹ£¬ ÔòÓУº Ex=AL1 (1) Vx=AL2 (2) ¶ø

´úÈ루2£©Ê½µÃ:

Rx / ( r + Rx )Ex =AL2 (3)

(1) ʽ³ý(3)ʽ£¬ÕûÀíºóµÃ£º r =[(L1 - L2) / L2] Rx

4. Èçͼ3-10-4 ËùʾµÄµçλ²î¼Æ£¬ÓÉA µ½B ÊÇ11m ³¤µÄµç×èË¿£¬ÈôÉèa=0.1V/m£¬11m ³¤µÄµçѹ½µÊÇ1.1V£¬ÓÃËü²â½ö¼¸

ºÁ·üµÄβîµç¶¯ÊÆ£¬Îó²îÌ«´ó¡£ÎªÁ˼õÉÙÎó²î£¬²ÉÓÃͼ3-10-8 Ëùʾµç·¡£Í¼3-10-8 Êǽ«11m ³¤µÄµç×èË¿AB ÉÏ´®½ÓÁË

Á½¸ö½Ï´óµÄµç×èR1ºÍR2¡£ÈôAB µÄ×ܵç×èÒÑ֪Ϊr, ÇÒR1¡¢R2¡¢r ÉϵÄ×ܵçѹΪ1.1V£¬²¢Éè¼ÆAB(11m)µç×èË¿ÉϵÄa=0.1mV/m£¬

ÊÔÎÊR1+R2 µÄµç×èֵӦȡ¶àÉÙ? Èô±ê×¼µç³ØE0 µÄµç¶¯ÊÆΪ1.0186V£¬ÔòR1¿ÉÈ¡µÄ×î´óÖµºÍ×îСֵ·Ö±ðΪ¶àÉÙ(ÓÃÏßµç×èr

±íʾ)?´ð£º¢Ù ÓÉÓÚµçλ²î¼Æµ¥Î»³¤¶Èµç×èÏߵĵçλ²îΪa£¬Ôòµç×èÏßAB Éϵĵçλ²îVAB=11a£½1.1mV£¬¶ø»Ø·µçÁ÷ӦΪ

I =VAB/r¡£ÁíÒ»·½Ã棬ÓÉÓÚI(R1+R2+r)=1.1V£¬

ËùÒÔ(VAB/r)(R1+R2+r)= 1.1V, ¼´VAB[ (R1+R2)/r +1]= 1.1V¡£ËùÒÔR1+R2=[(1.1/VAB)-1]r=(1.1/0.0011-1)r£½999r ¡£¢Ú

µ±R2I = E0 ʱ£¬R1 Ϊ×îС£¬¼´R1= R1min£¬´ËʱÓÐR1I + E0 + Ir = 1.1¡£ÓÉÓÚI =VAB/r =0.0011/r£¬ËùÒÔR1min=(1.1-E0-Ir)/I=73r¡£

µ±R2I+Ir =E0 ÔòR1 Ϊ×î´ó£¬¼´R1= R1max£¬´ËʱÓÐR1I + E0 = 1.1¡£ËùÒÔR1max =(1.1-E0)/I=74r

µçÈÈ·¨²âÈȹ¦µ±Á¿

ʵÑéÄ¿µÄ

(1) ѧϰÓõçÈÈ·¨²âÈȹ¦µ±Á¿£¬¼´QÓëWµÄ±ÈÖµ¡£

(2) Á˽âÈÈѧʵÑéµÄÌØÊâÌõ¼þºÍ»ù±¾·½·¨¡£

(3) ѧ»áÓÃÐÞÕýÖÐεķ½·¨×÷É¢ÈÈÐÞÕý¡£

ʵÑé·½·¨Ô­Àí

½«Ò»µç×è·ÅÈëÒ»¶¨Á¿µÄË®ÖУ¬µç×èͨµçt Ã룬Ôòµç¹¦ÎªA =VIt £¬ÓɵçÁ÷µÄÈÈЧӦ£¬ÕâЩ¹¦½«×ª»¯Îª²ÎÓëÈÈ

½»»»µÄ¹¤×÷ÎïÖʵÄÎÂÉý£¬ Ôò

( 0.46 ) ( ) 0 0 1 1 2 2 0 Q c m c m c m V T T f = + + +?+ ¦Ä ? ? £¬

ÈçûÓÐÈÈÁ¿É¢Ê§µ½»·¾³ÖÐÈ¥£¬±ØÓÐÈȹ¦µ±Á¿J Ϊ

Q

J = A

ÖÕÎÂÐÞÕýÊǽ«É¢Ê§µ½»·¾³ÖеÄÈÈÁ¿µÄζȵÄÐÎʽ²¹³¥»ØÀ´£¬ÒÀ¾ÝÅ£¶ÙÀäÈ´¹«Ê½¡£¼´= k (T ?¦È ),

dt

dT

¶ø¦È

¦È

?

¡ä ?

¡ä

=

0

1

T

T

ln

t

k f

£¬²ÉÓÃÄæÍƵķ½·¨¿ÉÒÔÇóµ½Î¶ȿ÷Ëð1 2 15 ¦ÄT = dT + dT +?+ dT (¼ÆËã»úÖÐÓÐÏֳɼÆËã³ÌÐòÒý

×ÊÀûÓÃ)

ʵÑé²½Öè

(1) ÏȽ«Î¶ȴ«¸ÐÆ÷̽ͷÐüÔÚ¿ÕÆøÖУ¬Ö±½Ó¶ÁÊÒΦÈϵĵç×èÖµ¡£

(2) ÓÃÌìƽ·Ö±ð³ÆÁ¿Á¿ÈÈÆ÷ÄÚͲ¼°ÄÚͲʢˮºóµÄÖÊÁ¿¡£

(3) °´Í¼½ÓºÃµç·¡£

(4) ÔÙ½ÓͨµçÔ´£¬Á¢¼´¿ªÊ¼½Á°è£¬µ±Î¶ȸßÓÚÊÒκó£¬Ìýµ½±¨Ê±Æ÷ÏìÉù£¬¼´¼Ç¼Æðʼµç×èÖµR0£¬È»ºóÿ¸ô1·ÖÖÓ¼Ç

Ò»´Îµç×èÖµ£¬¹²¼Ç16´Î£¬È»ºó¶Ï¿ªµçÔ´¡£

(5) ÇжϵçÔ´ºó£¬´ýζȲ»ÔÙÉý¸ßºó£¬¿ªÊ¼¼Ç¼½µÎµijõʼ×èÖµR´0£¬Ö®ºóÿ¸ôÒ»·ÖÖӼǼһ´Îµç×èÖµ£¬¹²¼Ç16

´Î¡£

Êý¾Ý´¦Àí

¦Ä

V=1.30

Ë®ÂÀÄÚͲ½Á°èÆ÷Í­µç×èË¿

½µÎ³õ

×èÖµ

1.1

261K¦¸

µçѹ4.90V

±ÈÈÈÈÝ1.000 0.210 2.10 0.093 0.105

½µÎÂÖÕ

×èÖµ

1.1

228K¦¸

µçÁ÷1.00A

ÖÊÁ¿/g 142.45 23.85 3.00 23.00 0.300

½µÎÂʱ

¼ä15min

ÊÒÎÂ×èÖµ

1.0905

K¦¸

ÉýÎÂ

×è

×è

/

K¦¸

R0 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8

1.1031 1.1049 1.1064 1.1080 1.1095 1.1111 1.1126 1.1142 1.1157

R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15

1.1172 1.1187 1.1202 1.1217 1.1232 1.1247 1.1262

½µÎÂ

×è

Öµ

/

K¦¸

R0´ R1´ R2´ R3´ R4´ R5´ R6´ R7´ R8´

1.1261 1.1258 1.1256 1.1253 1.1251 1.1249 1.1247 1.1245 1.1243

R9´ R10´ R11´ R12´ R13´ R14´ R15´

1.1240 1.1238 1.1236 1.1234 1.1232 1.1230 1.1228

¼ÆËãÖµ

K 0.0061 /min ¦ÄT -1.2039 ¡ãC

W/J Q/cal J ¡÷J E

ÐÞÕýÇ°

4410.0

0

895.83

5

4.9228 0.7358

17

.5734%

ÐÞÕýºó

4410.0

0

1077.4

5

4.0930 0.0940

2.2450

%

1. ¸ÃʵÑéËù±ØÐëµÄʵÑéÌõ¼þÓë²ÉÓõÄʵÑé»ù±¾·½·¨¸÷ÊÇʲô?ϵͳÎó²îµÄÀ´Ô´¿ÉÄÜÓÐÄÄЩ?

´ð£ºÊµÑéÌõ¼þÊÇϵͳÓëÍâ½çûÓнϴóµÄÈȽ»»»£¬²¢ÇÒϵͳ£¨¼´Ë®£©Ó¦¾¡¿ÉÄÜ´¦ÓÚ×¼¾²Ì¬±ä»¯¹ý³Ì¡£ÊµÑé·½·¨ÊǵçÈÈ·¨¡£

ϵͳÎó²îµÄ×îÖ÷ÒªÀ´Ô´ÊÇϵͳµÄÈÈÁ¿É¢Ê§£¬¶øÖÕÎÂÐÞÕýÍùÍù²»ÄÜÍêÈ«ÃÖ²¹ÈÈÁ¿É¢Ê§¶Ô²âÁ¿µÄÓ°Ïì¡£ÆäËûÀ´Ô´¿ÉÄÜÓТÙË®

µÄζȲ»¾ùÔÈ£¬Óþֲ¿Î¶ȴúÌæÕûÌåζȡ£¢ÚË®µÄζÈÓë»·¾³Î¶ȲîÒì½Ï´ó£¬´Ó¶ø¸øÖÕεÄÐÞÕý´øÀ´Îó²î¡£¢Ûζȣ¬ÖÊ

Á¿¼°µç¹¦ÂʵÈÎïÀíÁ¿µÄ²âÁ¿Îó²î¡£

2. ÊÔ¶¨ÐÔ˵Ã÷ʵÑéÖз¢ÉúÒÔÏÂÇé¿öʱ£¬ÊµÑé½á¹ûÊÇÆ«´ó»¹ÊÇƫС?

(1) ½Á°èʱˮ±»½¦³ö£» ´ð£ºÊµÑé½á¹û½«»áƫС¡£Ë®±»½¦³ö£¬¼´Ë®µÄÖÊÁ¿¼õÉÙ£¬ÔÚ¼ÆËãÈȹ¦µ±Á¿Ê±£¬»¹ÒԳƺáË®µÄÖÊÁ¿

¼ÆË㣬¼´ÈÏΪˮµÄÖÊÁ¿²»±ä£¬µ«ÊÇÓÉÓÚË®µÄÖÊÁ¿¼õÉÙ£¬¶ÔË®¼ÓÈÈʱ£¬ÒÔͬÑùµÄµç¹¦¼ÓÈÈ£¬ÏµÍ³ÉÏÉýµÄζÈÒª±ÈˮûÓÐÉÏ

ÉýʱµÄζÈÒª¸ß£¬¼´Ë®Ã»½¦³öÔÚͬÑùµç¹¦¼ÓÈÈʱ£¬Ó¦ÉÏÉýT ¶È£¬¶øË®½¦³öºóÉÏÉýµÄζÈÓ¦ÊÇT+¦¤T ¶È¡£ÓÃJ = A / Q £¬

ÓÐQ =£¨cimiT£©£¬J = A / [£¨T+¡÷T£©/ mc]£¬·Öĸ±ä´óJ ±äС¡£

(2) ½Á°è²»¾ùÔÈ£» ´ð£ºJ Æ«´ó¡¢Æ«Ð¡ÓÉζȼƲåÈëµÄλÖÃÓëµç×èË¿Ö®¼äµÄ¾àÀë¶ø¶¨¡£Àëµç×èË¿½ÏԶʱ£¬ÏµÍ³Î¶ÈʾÊý

±È£¬ÔȾùϵͳζȵͣ¬ÉèT Ϊ¾ùÔÈϵͳζȣ¬Î¶ȼÆʾֵӦΪT-¦¤T£¬ÓÃJ=A/¦È¼ÆË㣬·Öĸ±äС£¬ÔòJ ±ä´ó£»Àëµç×èË¿

½Ï½üʱ£¬Î¶ȼÆʾֵӦΪT+¦¤T£¬·Öĸ±ä´ó£¬Òò¶øJ ±äС¡£

(3) ÊÒβâµÃÆ«¸ß»òÆ«µÍ¡£´ð£ºÉè¦È0 ΪÊÒΣ¬Èô²âµÃֵƫ¸ß¦¤¦Èʱ£¬²âÁ¿µÃµ½µÄζÈֵΪ¦È0+¦¤¦È£»Æ«µÍ¦¤¦Èʱ£¬²â

Á¿Î¶ÈֵΪ¦È0-¦¤¦È£¬ÔÚ¼ÆËãζȿ÷Ëðʱ£¬dTi=k(Ti-¦È)£¬k ÊÇÓëÊÇÊÒÎÂÎ޹صÄÁ¿(k ÓëÊÒÎÂÓйØ)£¬Ö»Ó뽵γõκͽµÎÂ

ÖÕÎÂÒÔ¼°½µÎÂʱ¼äÓйأ¬²âµÃÊÒÎÂÆ«¸ßʱ£¬dTi=k[Ti- (¦È0+¦¤¦È)]£¬Ã¿ÃëÄÚµÄζȿ÷ËðdTi СÓÚʵ¼ÊÖµ£¬t ÃëÄ©µÄζȿ÷

Ëð¦ÄTi=¦²k[Ti- (¦È0+¦¤¦È)]¡£´ËֵСÓÚʵ¼ÊÖµ£¬ÓÉÓÚÉ¢ÈÈÔì³ÉµÄζȿ÷Ëð¦ÄTi=Tf+ Tf¡å£¬ÐÞÕýºóµÄζÈTf¡åΪ£ºTf¡å= Tf

-¦ÄTi£¬¦ÄTiΪ¸ºÖµ£¬µ±²âÁ¿ÖµµÍÓÚʵ¼ÊÊÒÎÂʱ£¬¦ÄTi µÄ¾ø¶ÔÖµ±äС£ºTf¡å=Tf+£ü¦ÄTi£ü£¬¼´Tf¡å±äС£¬¦¤T ±äС£¨ÆäÖЦ¤

T£½Tf¡å- Tf ³õ£¬Tf ³õ£ºÉýγõʼֵ£©£¬

¦² ¦¤

= =

c m T

A

Q

J A

i i , J ±ä´ó£¬·´Ö®J±äС¡£

µç±íµÄ¸Ä×°ºÍУÕý

ʵÑéÄ¿µÄ

(1) ÕÆÎÕ½«Î¢°²±í¸Ä×°³É½Ï´óÁ¿³ÌµÄµçÁ÷±íºÍµçѹ±íµÄÔ­ÀíºÍ·½·¨¡£

(2) Á˽âÅ·Ä·±íµÄ²âÁ¿Ô­ÀíºÍ¿Ì¶È·½·¨¡£

(3) ѧ»á»æÖÆУ׼ÇúÏߵķ½·¨²¢¶Ô¸Ä×°±í½øÐÐУ¶Ô¡£

ʵÑé·½·¨Ô­Àí

Éè΢°²±íÍ·ÂúÁ¿³ÌÊÇIg,ÄÚ×èΪRg.

(1) ½«±íÍ·²¢ÁªÒ»¸ö·ÖÁ÷×èÖµRs ¸Ä³ÉÁ¿³ÉΪI µÄµçÁ÷±í£¬Èçͼ£¨a)ʾ£¬ÔòÓУ¨I-Ig£©Rs=IgRg£¬¼´Rs=Rg/(n-1)

(n = I/Ig)

(2) ½«Î¢°²±íÍ·´®ÁªÒ»¸ö·Öѹµç×èRH ¸Ä³ÉÁ¿³ÌΪUd µçѹ±í£¬Èçͼ£¨b)ʾ£¬ÔòÓÐIg(Rg+RH)=U ¼´RH=U/Ig£­R£ç

ʵÑé²½Öè

(1) ¸Ä×°Á¿³ÌΪ5 AµçÁ÷±í

¢Ù ¼ÆËã·ÖÁ÷×èÖµRsµÄÀíÂÛÖµ£¬¸ºÔصç×èRLÈ¡1000¦¸×óÓÒ¡£

¢Ú °´Í¼3-7-8Á¬½Óµç·£¬¸÷²¿¼þ°Ú·ÅÔ­ÔòÊÇ·½±ãÓÚ¹Û²ÁÓëµ÷½Ú¡£

¢Û ×Ô²éµç·£¨Ïß·µÄÁ¬½Ó¡¢±ê×¼±íÁ¿³ÌµÄÑ¡È¡¡¢»¬Ïß±ä×èÆ÷³õÖµµÄÉ趨¡¢¸÷×èÖµµÄÈ¡Öµ£©¡£

¢Ü У׼µç±í£ºÊ×ÏȽøÐÐÂúÁ¿³ÌУÕý£¬È»ºó½øÐÐÖðµãУÕý£¨Íê³ÉÊý¾Ý±í¸ñ£©

(2) ¸Ä×°µçѹ±í£¨³ÌÐòÓëÉÏÃæÏàͬ£¬µç·ͼ°´3-7-10½øÐУ©

Êý¾Ý´¦Àí

¸Ä×°±íʾֵI/mA 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00

±ê×¼±íʾֵ

I0 /mA

¼õСʱ1.03 1.99 3.02 3.98 5.00

Ôö¼Óʱ1.01 2.01 3.00 3.99 5.00

ƽ¾ù1.02 2.00 3.01 3.99 5.00

²îÖµ£½I0-I /mA 0.02 0.00 0.01 -0.01 0.00

¸Ä×°±íʾֵU /V 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00

±ê×¼±íʾֵ

U0 /V

¼õСʱ1.02 1.98 3.01 4.02 5.00

Ôö¼Óʱ1.01 1.99 3.02 4.01 5.00

ƽ¾ù1.02 1.99 3.02 4.01 5.00

²îÖµ£½U0-U /V 0.02 -0.01 0.02 0.01 0.00

1. УÕýµçÁ÷±íʱ£¬Èç¹û·¢ÏÖ¸Ä×°µÄºÁ°²±í¶ÁÊý×ÜÊǸßÓÚ±ê×¼±íµÄ¶ÁÊý£¬·ÖÁ÷µç×èÓ¦µ÷´ó»¹Êǵ÷С?Ϊʲô? ´ð£º

Ó¦µ÷С¡£Èõç·Öбê×¼±í¶ÁÊý²»±ä£¬¼´±£³Ö»Ø·µçÁ÷²»±ä£¬·ÖÁ÷µç×èÖµ¼õСºó½«»á·ÖµÃ¸ü¶àµÄµçÁ÷£¬´Ó¶øʹÁ÷¹ý±»¸Ä×°

±í±íÍ·µÄµçÁ÷¼õС£¬¸Ä×°±íµÄ¶ÁÊýÒ²¼õС¡£

2. УÕýµçѹ±íʱ£¬Èç¹û·¢ÏÖ¸Ä×°µÄµçѹ±í¶ÁÊý×ÜÊǵÍÓÚ±ê×¼±íµÄ¶ÁÊý£¬·Öѹµç×èÓ¦µ÷´ó»¹Êǵ÷С?Ϊʲô? ´ð£ºÓ¦µ÷С¡£

Èõç·Öбê×¼±í¶ÁÊý²»±ä£¬¼´¼ÓÔÚ¸Ä×°µç±íÉϵçѹֵ²»±ä¡£µ÷Сµç×裬¸Ä×°±íµÄ×ܵç×è½µµÍ£¬Á÷¹ý¸Ä×°ºÁ°²±íµÄµçÁ÷Ôö

´ó£¬´Ó¶ø¶ÁÊýÒ²Ôö¼Ó¡£

3. ÊÔÖ¤Ã÷ÓÃÅ·Ä·±í²âµç×èʱ£¬Èç¹û±íÍ·Ö¸ÕëÕýºÃÖ¸ÔÚ±íÅ̱ê¶È³ßµÄÖÐÐÄ£¬ÔòÕâʱµÄÅ·Ä·±íָʾֵΪʲôÕýºÃµÈÓÚ¸ÃÅ·

Ä·±íµÄÄÚ×èÖµ¡£´ð£ºÉè±íÍ·Ö¸ÕëÂú¿Ì¶ÈµçÁ÷ΪIg¡¢±íÍ·Ö¸ÕëÖ¸±íÅÌÖÐÐÄʱµç·ÖеçÁ÷ΪI£¬¸ù¾ÝÌâÒâ

I I g

2

= 1

£¬µ±±í

ÄÚ×èΪRg¡¢´ý²âµç×èΪRx ʱ£¬

g

g x

I

R R

I V

2

= 1

+

=

£»¸ù¾ÝÅ·Ä·±í¹¤×÷Ô­Àí£¬µ±´ý²âµç×èRx£½0 ʱ£¬ g

g R

I = V

¡£¼´

g x Rg

V

R R

V

2

= 1

+

£¬Òò¶ø¿ÉµÃRx£½Rg¡£ËùÒÔ£¬Å·Ä·±íÏÔʾ²âx R ¶ÁÊý¼´Îª¸ÃÅ·Ä·±íµÄÄÚ×è¡£

˼¿¼Ìâ

(1) Ó¦µ÷С¡£ÒòΪ±íÍ·¹ýÔØ£¬ËùÒÔÐèÒªÔÙ·ÖµôÒ»²¿·Ö¶àÓàµÄµçÁ÷¡£

(2) Ó¦µ÷С¡£ÒòΪ´®Áªµç·ÖеçѹµÄ·ÖÅäºÍ×èÖµ³ÉÕý±È¡£

(3) Ö¤Ã÷ÒòΪIg£½U/(Rg+r) ¶øI£½U/(Rg+r+Rx)

ËùÒÔµ±2I£½Igʱ¼´2U/(Rg+r+Rx)£½U/(Rg+r)

ËùÒÔRx£½Rg+r Ö¤±Ï

(4) ÓÉÎó²î£½Á¿³Ì¡Á¼¶±ð£¥£¬Éè¸Ä×°±íµÄ¼¶±ðΪa¡ä, Ôò

5¡Áa¡ä%= I ¦Ä max+ 5¡Á0.5% ¡àa¡ä = 0.9 £¬¹Ê¸Ã×°µçÁ÷±íµÄ¼¶±ðΪ1.0 ¼¶

ʾ²¨Æ÷µÄÔ­ÀíºÍʹÓÃ

ʵÑéÄ¿µÄ

(1) Á˽âʾ²¨Æ÷µÄÖ÷Òª½á¹¹ºÍÏÔʾ²¨ÐεĻù±¾Ô­Àí£»

(2) ÕÆÎÕÄ£Äâʾ²¨Æ÷ºÍº¯ÊýÐźŷ¢ÉúÆ÷µÄʹÓ÷½·¨£»

(3) ¹Û²ìÕýÏÒ¡¢¾ØÐΡ¢Èý½Ç²¨µÈÐźŷ¢ÉúÆ÷µÄʹÓ÷½·¨£»

(4) ͨ¹ýʾ²¨Æ÷¹Û²ìÀîÈøÈçͼÐΣ¬Ñ§»áÒ»ÖÖ²âÁ¿ÕýÏÒÕñ¶¯ÆµÂʵķ½·¨£¬²¢¼ÓÉî¶Ô»¥Ïà´¹Ö±Õñ¶¯ºÏ³ÉÀíÂÛµÄÀí½â¡£

ʵÑé·½·¨Ô­Àí

(1) Ä£Äâʾ²¨Æ÷µÄ»ù±¾¹¹Ôì

ʾ²¨Æ÷Ö÷ÒªÓÉʾ²¨¹Ü¡¢´¹Ö±·Å´óÆ÷¡¢Ë®Æ½·Å´óÆ÷¡¢É¨ÃèÐźŷŴóÆ÷¡¢´¥·¢Í¬²½µÈ¼¸¸ö»ù±¾²¿·Ö×é³É¡£

(2) ʾ²¨Æ÷ÏÔʾ²¨ÐÎÔ­Àí

Èç¹ûÖ»ÔÚ´¹Ö±Æ«×ª°åÉϼÓÒ»½»±äÕýÏÒµçѹ£¬Ôòµç×ÓÊøµÄÁÁµãËæµçѹµÄ±ä»¯ÔÚÊúÖ±·½ÏòÉÏ°´ÕýÏÒ¹æÂɱ仯¡£ÒªÏëÏÔʾ

²¨ÐΣ¬±ØÐëͬʱÔÚˮƽƫת°åÉϼÓһɨÃèµçѹ£¬Ê¹µç×ÓÊøËù²úÉúµÄÁÁµãÑØˮƽ·½ÏòÀ­¿ª¡£

(3) ɨÃèͬ²½

µ±É¨ÃèµçѹµÄÖÜÆÚTx ÊDZ»¹Û²ìÖÜÆÚÐźŵÄÕûÊý±¶Ê±£¬É¨ÃèµÄºóÒ»¸öÖÜÆÚɨ»æµÄ²¨ÐÎÓëÇ°Ò»¸öÖÜÆÚÍêÈ«Ò»Ñù£¬Ó«¹âÆÁ

Éϵõ½ÇåÎú¶øÎȶ¨µÄ²¨ÐΣ¬Õâ½Ð×öÐźÅÓëɨÃèµçѹͬ²½¡£

(4) ¶à×ÙÏÔʾ

¸ù¾Ý¿ª¹ØÐźŵÄת»»ÆµÂʲ»Í¬£¬ÓÐÁ½ÖÖ²»Í¬µÄʱ¼ä·Ö¸î·½Ê½£¬¼´¡°½»Ì桱ºÍ¡°¶ÏÐø¡±·½Ê½¡£

(5) ¹Û²ìÀîÈøÈçͼÐβ¢²âƵÂÊ

x

y

y

x

f

f

Y N

X N =

·½ÏòÇÐÏ߶ÔͼÐεÄÇеãÊý

·½ÏòÇÐÏ߶ÔͼÐεÄÇеãÊý

ʵÑé²½Öè

(1) ÊìϤʾ²¨Æ÷¸÷¿ØÖÆ¿ª¹ØµÄ×÷Ó㬽øÐÐʹÓÃÇ°µÄ¼ì²éºÍУ׼¡£

(2) ½«Ðźŷ¢ÉúÆ÷µÄÊä³öÐźÅÁ¬½Óµ½Ê¾²¨Æ÷µÄCH1 »òCH2£¬¹Û²ìÐźŲ¨ÐΡ£

(3) ÓÃʾ²¨Æ÷²âÁ¿ÐźŵÄÖÜÆÚT¡¢ÆµÂÊf¡¢·ùÖµU¡¢·å£­·åÖµUp-p¡¢ÓÐЧֵUrms,ƵÂʺͷùÖµÈÎÑ¡¡£

(4) ¹Û²ìÀîÈøÈçͼÐκ͡°ÅÄ¡±¡£

(5) ÀûÓöನÐÎÏÔʾ·¨ºÍÀîÈøÈçͼÐÎÅб𷨹۲âÁ½ÐźŵÄÏàλ²î

¢Ù ¶à²¨ÐÎÏÔʾ·¨¹Û²âÏàλ²î¡£

¢Ú ÀîÈøÈçͼÐÎÅб𷨹۲âÏàλ²î¡£

Êý¾Ý´¦Àí

(1) ²âÁ¿ÕýÏÒÐźŷå·åÖµUP-P£¬ÖÜÆÚT

ʾ²¨Æ÷²âÁ¿ÖµÐźŷ¢ÉúÆ÷ÏÔʾֵ

H=4.0DIV V0/DIV=0.5V/DIV UP-P =2.0V U ÏÔ= 2.0V

L=5.0DIV T0/DIV=20us/DIV T =0.10ms T ÏÔ= 0.10ms

0 p p

up p

=

?

= ?

?

ÏÔ

ÏÔ

U

U U

E 0

0

0 =

?

=

T

T T

ET

(2) ²âÁ¿Ö±Á÷Ðźŵķù¶È

H = 5.8 V0£¯DIV=0.5V/DIV U £½2.9V U ÏÔ£½3.0V

(3) ²âÁ¿ÏàÒÆ

x1/DIV x/DIV ¡ã ¡Á = 360 11x

¦È x

5.3 25.0 76.32

¡ã

1. Ä£Äâʾ²¨Æ÷ΪºÎÄÜÏÔʾ¸ßËٱ仯µÄµçÐźŹ켣£¿

´ð£ºÔÚÄ£Äâʾ²¨Æ÷´¹Ö±Æ«×ª°åÉϼӵÄÊDZ»¹Û²âÐźŵçѹ£¬¶øÔÚˮƽƫת°åÉϼӵÄÊǾâ³Ý²¨£¨Ê±¼äÏßÐԱ仯£©Ðźŵçѹ£¬

¦Ð

2

3¦Ð

4

7¦Ð

4

5¦Ð

4

3¦Ð

2

¦Ð

4

0 ¦Ð 2¦Ð

ƵÂÊÏàͬλÏ಻ͬʱµÄÀîÈøÈçͼÐÎ

ËùÒÔʾ²¨Æ÷µÄʾ²¨¹ÜµÄºáÖáÏ൱ÓÚÖ±½Ç×ø±êµÄʱ¼äÖᣬ¾­¹ýÒ»¸ö¾â³Ý²¨ÐźÅÖÜÆÚ£¬µç×ÓÊø±ãÔÚʾ²¨¹ÜµÄÓ«¹âÆÁÉÏÃè»æ³ö

±»¹Û²âÐźŵIJ¨ÐεÄÒ»¶Î¹ì¼£¡£µ±¾â³Ý²¨ÐźŵÄÖÜÆÚ´óÓÚ»òµÈÓÚÖÜÆÚÐÔ¹Û²âÐźŵÄÖÜÆÚÇÒÓëÆäÏàλËø¶¨Ê±£¨Í¬²½£©£¬µç

×ÓÊø±ãÔÚʾ²¨¹ÜµÄÓ«¹âÆÁÉÏÃè»æ³ö±»¹Û²âÐźŵIJ¨ÐεÄͬһ¶Î¹ì¼££¬ÓÉÓÚÈËÑÛµÄÊÓ¾õÔÝÁôºÍÓ«¹âÆÁµÄÓà»Ô£¬±ã¿ÉÒÔ¹Û²â

µ½ÐźŵIJ¨ÐΡ£

2. ÔÚ±¾ÊµÑéÖУ¬¹Û²ìÀîÈøÈçͼÐÎʱ£¬ÎªÊ²Ã´µÃ²»µ½³¤Ê±¼äÎȶ¨µÄͼÐΣ¿

´ð£ºÒòΪCH1 ÓëCH2 ÊäÈëµÄÊÇÁ½¸öÍêÈ«²»Ïà¹ØµÄÐźţ¬ËüÃǵÄλÏà²îÄÑÒÔ±£³Öºã¶¨£¬ËùÒԵò»µ½³¤Ê±¼äµÄÎȶ¨²¨ÐΡ£

3. ¼Ù¶¨ÔÚʾ²¨Æ÷µÄY ÖáÊäÈëÒ»¸öÕýÏÒÐźţ¬ËùÓõÄˮƽɨÃèƵÂÊΪ120Hz£¬ÔÚÓ«¹âÆÁÉϳöÏÖÈý¸öÎȶ¨ÍêÕûµÄÕýÏÒ²¨ÐΣ¬

ÄÇôÊäÈëÐźŵÄƵÂÊÊÇʲô£¿ÕâÊÇ·ñÊDzâÁ¿ÐźÅƵÂʵĺ÷½·¨£¿ÎªºÎ£¿

´ð£ºÊäÈëÐźŵÄƵÂÊÊÇ360Hz¡£ÕâÖÖ·½·¨²»ÊDzâÁ¿ÐźÅƵÂʵĺ÷½·¨£¬ÒòΪÓô˷½·¨²âÁ¿µÄƵÂʾ«È·¶ÈµÍ¡£

4. ʾ²¨Æ÷µÄɨÃèƵÂÊÔ¶´óÓÚ»òԶСÓÚÊäÈëÕýÏÒÐźŵÄƵÂÊʱ£¬ÆÁÉϵÄͼÐÎÊÇʲôÇé¿ö£¿

´ð£ºÉ¨ÃèƵÂÊԶСÓÚÊäÈëÕýÏÒÐźÅƵÂÊʱ£¬³öÏÖͼÐÎÊÇÃܼ¯ÕýÏÒ²¨£»É¨ÃèƵÂÊÔ¶´óÓÚÊäÈëÕýÏÒÐźÅƵÂÊʱ£¬Ò»¸öÖÜÆÚ

µÄÐźŲ¨Ðν«»á±»·Ö½â³ÉÊý¶Î£¬ÏÔʾµÄͼÐν«»á±ä³ÉÍø×´½»²æÏß¡£

³¬Éù²¨ÉùËٵIJâÁ¿

ʵÑéÄ¿µÄ

(1) ½øÒ»²½ÊìϤʾ²¨Æ÷µÄ»ù±¾½á¹¹ºÍÔ­Àí¡£

(2) Á˽âѹµç»»ÄÜÆ÷µÄ¹¦ÄÜ£¬¼ÓÉî¶Ôפ²¨¼°Õñ¶¯ºÏ³ÉµÈÀíÂÛ֪ʶµÄÀí½â¡£

(3) ѧϰ¼¸ÖֲⶨÉù²¨´«²¥ËٶȵÄÔ­ÀíºÍ·½·¨¡£

(4) ͨ¹ýʱ²î·¨¶ÔÉù²¨´«²¥ËٶȵIJâÁ¿£¬Á˽âÉùÄɼ¼ÊõµÄÔ­Àí¼°ÆäÖØÒªµÄʵÓÃÒâÒå¡£

ʵÑé·½·¨Ô­Àí

Éù²¨ÊÇÒ»ÖÖµ¯ÐÔýÖÊÖд«²¥µÄ×ݲ¨£¬²¨³¤¡¢Ç¿¶È¡¢´«²¥ËٶȵÈÊÇÉù²¨µÄÖØÒª²ÎÊý£¬³¬Éù²¨ÊÇƵÂÊ´óÓÚ20 kH µÄ»úе

²¨£¬±¾ÊµÑéÀûÓÃÉùËÙÓëÕñ¶¯ÆµÂÊf ºÍ²¨³¤¦ËÖ®¼äµÄ¹Øϵv = ¦Ë f À´²âÁ¿³¬Éù²¨ÔÚ¿ÕÆøÖеĴ«²¥Ëٶȡ£

SV5 ÐÍÉùËÙ²âÁ¿×éºÏʵÑéÒÇ£¨º¬×¨ÓÃÐźÅÔ´£©£¬¿ÉÒÔ×öʱ²î·¨²â¶¨³¬Éù²¨´«²¥ËٶȵÄʵÑ飻ÅäÒÔʾ²¨Æ÷¿ÉÍê³ÉÀûÓÃ

¹²Õñ¸ÉÉæ·¨£¬Ë«×ٱȽϷ¨ºÍÏàÓ¦±È½Ï·¨²âÁ¿ÉùËÙµÄÈÎÎñ¡£±¾ÉùËÙ²âÁ¿ÒÇÊÇÀûÓÃѹµçÌåµÄÄæѹµçЧӦ¶ø²úÉú³¬Éù²¨£¬ÀûÓÃ

ÕýѹµçЧӦ½ÓÊÕ³¬Éù²¨£¬²âÁ¿ÉùËÙµÄËÄÖÖʵÑé·½·¨ÈçÏ£º£¨ÓÉÓÚÉù²¨ÆµÂÊ¿Éͨ¹ýÉùÔ´µÄÕñ¶¯ÆµÂʵóö£¬ËùÒÔ²âÁ¿Éù²¨²¨

³¤ÊDZ¾ÊµÑéÖ÷ÒªÈÎÎñ¡££©

£¨1£©ÀîÈøÈçͼÐÎÏàλÅбð·¨

ƵÂÊÏàͬµÄÀîÈøÈçͼÐÎËæ×Ŧ¤¦ÕµÄ²»Í¬£¬ÆäͼÐεÄÐÎ×´Ò²²»Í¬£¬µ±ÐÎ״ΪÇãб·½ÏòÏàͬµÄÖ±ÏßÁ½´Î³öÏÖʱ£¬¦¤¦Õ±ä

»¯2¦Ð £¬¶ÔÓ¦½ÓÊÜÆ÷±ä»¯Ò»¸ö²¨³¤¡£

£¨2£©¹²Õñ·¨

ÓÉ·¢ÉäÆ÷·¢³öµÄƽÃ沨¾­½ÓÊÜÆ÷·¢ÉäºÍ·´ÉäÆ÷¶þ´Î·´Éäºó£¬ÔÚ½ÓÊÜÆ÷Óë·¢ÉäÆ÷Ö®¼äÐγÉÁ½Áд«²¥·½ÏòÏàͬµÄµþ¼Ó

²¨£¬¹Û²ìʾ²¨Æ÷ÉϵÄͼÐΣ¬Á½´Î¼ÓÇ¿»ò¼õÈõµÄλÖòΪ²¨ÐΦˡ£

£¨3£©Ë«×ÙÏàλ±È½Ï·¨

Ö±½Ó±È½Ï·¢ÐźźͽÓÊÕÐźţ¬Í¬Ê±ÑØ´«²¥·½ÏòÒƶ¯½ÓÊÜÆ÷λÖã¬Ñ°ÕÒÁ½¸ö²¨ÐÎÏàͬµÄ״̬¿É²â³ö²¨³¤¡£

£¨4£©Ê±²î·¨

²â³öÂö³åÉùËÙ´«²¥¾àÀëX ºÍËù¾­Àúʱ¼ät, ±ã¿ÉÇóµÃÉùËÙ¡£

ʵÑé²½Öè

(1) ÀîÈøÈçͼÐÎÏàλ±È½Ï·¨

ת¶¯ÉùËÙ²âÁ¿×éºÏʵÑéÒǵľàÀëµ÷½Ú¹ÄÂÖ£¬¹Û²ì²¨Ðε±³öÏÖÁ½´ÎÇãб·½ÏòÏàͬµÄÇãбֱÏßʱ£¬¼Ç¼ÕâÁ½´Î»»ÄÜÆ÷µÄ

λÖã¬Á½´ÎλÖÃÖ®²îΪ²¨³¤¡£

(2) ¹²Õñ·¨

Òƶ¯ÉùËÙ²âÁ¿ÒÇÊÖÂֻᷢÏÖÐźÅÕñ·ù·¢Éú±ä»¯£¬Ðźű仯ÏàÁÚÁ½´Î¼«´óÖµ»ò¼«Ð¡ÖµËù¶ÔÓ¦µÄ½ÓÊÜÆ÷Òƶ¯µÄ¾àÀë¼´ÊÇ

¦Ë/2 £¬Òƶ¯ÊÖÂÖ£¬¹Û²ì²¨Ðα仯£¬ÔÚ²»Í¬Î»Öòâ6 ´Î£¬Ã¿´Î²â3 ¸ö²¨³¤µÄ¼ä¸ô¡£

(3) ±È½Ï·¨

ʹ˫ͨµÀÁ½Â·ÐźÅË«×ÙÏÔʾ·ù¶ÈÒ»Ñù£¬Òƶ¯ÊÖ·¨»á·¢ÏÖÆäÖÐһ·ÔÚÒƶ¯£¬µ±Òƶ¯ÐźÅÁ½´ÎÓë¹Ì¶¨ÐźÅÖغÏʱËù¶ÔÓ¦

µÄ½ÓÊÕÆ÷Òƶ¯µÄ¾àÀëÊǦˣ¬Òƶ¯ÊÖÂÖ£¬¹Û²ì²¨Ðα仯£¬¶à¼Ç¼¼¸´ÎÁ½Â·ÐźÅÖغÏʱµÄλÖã¬ÀûÓÃÖð²î·¨Ç󲨳¤¡£

(4) ʱ²î·¨

ת¶¯ÊÖÂÖʹÁ½»»ÄÜÆ÷µÄ¾àÀë¼Ó´ó£¬Ã¿¸ô10mm ×óÓҼǼһ´ÎÊý¾Ýi x ºÍi t ,¸ù¾Ý¹«Ê½»ñµÃһϵÁÐvi ºó£¬¿ÉÒÔÀûÓÃÖð²î

·¨ÇóµÃÉùËÙv µÄƽ¾ùÖµ¦Ô ¡£

Êý¾Ý´¦Àí

(1) ÀîÈøÈçͼÐÎÏàλ±È½Ï·¨

ζȣ½20.8¡æ Ðźŷ¢ÉúÆ÷ÏÔʾƵÂÊ£½37.003 kHz

½ÓÊÜÆ÷λÖÃÐòºÅ0 1 2 3 4 5

½ÓÊÜÆ÷λÖÃ×ø±ê55.40 64.53 73.94 83.40 92.65 101.90

/mm

½ÓÊÜÆ÷λÖÃÐòºÅ6 7 8 9 10 11

½ÓÊÜÆ÷λÖÃ×ø±ê

/mm

111.30 120.68 129.95 139.25 148.60 158.06

xj xi xi = ? +6 55.90 56.15 56.01 55.85 55.95 56.16

6 i

i

¦Ë = x 9.32 9.36 9.34 9.31 9.33 9.36

j m v f m s j

9.34 10 ; 3.4561 10 /

6

1 3 2

5

0

= ¦² = ¡Á ? = = ¡Á

=

¦Ë ¦Ë ¦Ë

(2) ¹²Õñ·¨

ζȣ½20.8¡æ Ðźŷ¢ÉúÆ÷ÏÔʾƵÂÊ£½37.012 kHz

´ÎÊý

½ÓÊÜÆ÷¼Ç

¼±»²âÊý

±»²â¦Ë Êý

n 1 2 x = a ?a /mm ¦Ë=x/n /mm ¦Ë

1 48.20 76.28 3 28.08 9.36

9.36¡Á10-3

2 76.28 104.40 3 28.12 9.37

3 104.40 132.41 3 28.01 9.34

4 132.41 160.59 3 28.18 9.39

5 160.59 188.69 3 28.10 9.37

6 188.69 216.72 3 28.03 9.34

ÆäÖÐ3

6

1

9.36 10

6

1 ?

=

= ¦² = ¡Á i i

¦Ë ¦Ë m£»vv = f¦Ë = 3.4649¡Á102m / s

(3) ±È½Ï·¨

ζȣ½20.8¡æ Ðźŷ¢ÉúÆ÷ÏÔʾƵÂÊ£½37.015 kHz

½ÓÊÜÆ÷λÖÃÐòºÅ0 1 2 3 4 5

½ÓÊÜÆ÷λÖÃ×ø±ê57.65 67.04 76.38 86.75 95.12 104.59

½ÓÊÜÆ÷λÖÃÐòºÅ6 7 8 9 10 11

½ÓÊÜÆ÷λÖÃ×ø±ê114.06 123.50 132.77 142.26 151.58 161.09

xj =xi+6 ?xi /mm 56.41 56.46 56.39 55.51 56.46 56.50

¦Ë j j ¦Ë j

5

6 0

1

=

= ¦² 9.40 9.41 9.40 9.25 9.41 9.42

(4)ʱ²î·¨

ζȣ½20.8¡æ Ðźŷ¢ÉúÆ÷ÏÔʾƵÂÊ£½37.032 kHz

½ÓÊÕÆ÷λÖÃÐòºÅi 0 1 2 3 4 5

½ÓÊÕÆ÷λÖÃ×ø±êxi /mm 56.85 66.80 76.80 86.80 96.80 106.80

Âö³å´«²¥Ê±¼äti /us 347 377 407 434 465 491

½ÓÊÕÆ÷λÖÃÐòºÅi 6 7 8 9 10 11

½ÓÊÕÆ÷λÖÃ×ø±êxi /mm 116.80 126.80 136.80 146.80 156.80 166.80

Âö³å´«²¥Ê±¼äti /us 522 551 579 606 635 663

ms 1

6

6 ?

+ ?

+ ? = /

i

ti t

xi xi

v j 342.57 344.83 348.84 348.84 352.94 348.84

3 4781 102

5

6 0

1

= ¡Á

=

= j . j

¦Ô ¦² ¦Ô mm/s

(5) »·¾³Î¶ÈΪT(¡æ)ʱµÄÉùËÙ

343 89m/s

273 15

20 8

1 331 5 1 .

.

.

.

T

T

o

¦Í =¦Ío + = ¡Á + =

(6) ²»È·¶¨¶ÈµÄ¼ÆË㼰ʵÑé½á¹û

9 38 10 m; 3 4720 10 m/s

1 3 2

6

5

0

= = ¡Á ? = = ¡Á

=

j . f . j

¦Ë ¦² ¦Ë ¦Í ¦Ë

6 83 10 m

1

6

2

= ¡Á ?

?

?

= .

n( n )

( i )

uA( )

¦² ¦Ë ¦Ë

¦Ë uB (¦Ë ) = 1¡Á10? 5m

u( ¦Ë ) = uA2( ¦Ë ) +uB 2( ¦Ë ) =1.21¡Á10? 5m

u( f ) = uB( f ) = 5¡Á10?4 ¡Á 37.003¡Á103 +1 = 19.502Hz

( )

0 4834m/s

37 003 103 9 34 10 3 1 3986 10 3

2 2

.

. . .

]

f

( v ) f [ u( ) ] [ u f uc

=

= ¡Á ¡Á ¡Á ¡Á ¡Á

= ? ? +

? ?

¦Ë

¦Ë

¦Ë

È¡k = 2£¬ÔòU=2uc( v ) = 0.9668 m/s

v = (v +v )= (345.61¡À 0.97)m/s

1. ʾ²¨Æ÷ÔÚʹÓùý³ÌÖÐÓ«¹âÆÁÉÏÖ»ÓÐÒ»ÌõˮƽÁÁÏ߶øûÓб»²âÐźÅÊÇʲôԭÒòÔì³ÉµÄ?´ð£ºÔÚʾ²¨Æ÷µÄʹÓùý³Ì

ÖУ¬ÉÏÊöÏÖÏó¾­³£³öÏÖ£¬Ôì³ÉÕâÒ»ÏÖÏóµÄÔ­ÒòºÜ¶à£¬´óÖ¿ɹéÄÉΪ£º¢Ù ʾ²¨Æ÷½ÓµØ£¨GND£©£¨²âÁ¿Ê±½ÓµØ°´¼üGND Ó¦¸Ã

µ¯Æ𣩣»¢Ú Ë¥¼õ¿ª¹ØVOLTS/DIV Ñ¡Ôñ¹ý´ó£¨²âÁ¿Ê±¿ÉÏÈÑ¡ÔñСЩ£©£»¢Û Ðźŷ¢ÉúÆ÷Êä³ö¹ýС»òûÓÐÊä³ö£»¢Ü Ðźŷ¢

ÉúÆ÷Êä³öÖ±Á÷Ðźţ»¢Ý ÔÚÐźŵĴ«ÊäÖУ¬µ¼Ïß»ò½ÓÍ·½Ó´¥²»Á¼£¬Ò²¿ÉÔì³É¸ÃÏÖÏó£»¢Þ Ê¾²¨Æ÷µÄÏà¹Ø¹¦Äܼü¶¼Ó¦Ñ¡ÔñÔÚ

ÕýÈ·¹¤×÷״̬Ï¡£×ÜÖ®£¬Ó°ÏìµÄÒòËغܶ࣬ҪÇóʹÓÃÕßÔÚʹÓÃÇ°Ò»¶¨ÈÏÕæÔĶÁ½Ì²Ä¡£

2. ÔÚ²âÁ¿ÉùËÙʱ£¬Y1(CH1)µÄÊäÈëÐźţ¬ÓÉÓÚʾ²¨Æ÷µÄY Öá·Å´óÆ÷¡¢Ñ¹µçת»»Æ÷¡¢Áª½ÓÏß·µÄÏàÒƵÈÔ­Òò²¢²»ÓëÉù²¨µÄ

λÏàÏàͬ£¬Õâ¶ÔÓÚ¹Û²ì²âÁ¿Éù²¨²¨³¤ÓÐÎÞÓ°Ïì? Ϊʲô?

´ð£ºÃ»ÓÐÓ°Ïì¡£ÒòΪ²¨³¤ÊDz¨ÔÚ´«²¥¹ý³ÌÖÐλÏà²îΪ2¦ÐµÄÁ½µã¼äµÄ¾àÀ룬Óë¸Ã´¦Î»ÏàÎ޹أ¬ËùÒÔÎÞÓ°Ïì¡£

3. ÊԱȽϼ¸ÖÖ²âÉùËÙ·½·¨µÄÓÅȱµã¡£

´ð£ºÊµÑé½²ÒåÉϹ²ÁгöÁËÈýÖÖ²âÁ¿·½·¨£º¢ÙÀîÈøÈçͼÏàλ±È½Ï·¨£¬¢Ú¹²Õñ·¨£¬¢Û²¨ÐÎÏàλ±È½Ï·¨¡£Ò»°ã˵À´£¬Àî

ÈøÈçͼÏàλ±È½Ï·¨²âÁ¿µÄ±È½Ï×¼£¬Í¬Ê±±ãÓÚ¶Ô֪ʶµÄÎÂк͹®¹Ì£¬¶ÔÓÚʾ²¨Æ÷µÄʹÓÃÒÔ¼°Ñ§Éú¶¯ÊÖÄÜÁ¦ºÍ˼¿¼ÎÊÌâµÄÅà

Ñø£¬²»Ê§ÊÇÒ»ÖֽϺõÄ;¾¶£¬µ«²Ù×÷±È½Ï·±£»¶ÔÓÚ¹²Õñ·¨£¬ÅжÏÏà¶ÔÒªÀ§ÄÑһЩ£¬ËùÒÔ²âÁ¿Îó²îÒ»°ãÒª´óһЩ£¬µ«¿ÉÒÔ

Ö±¹ÛµØÁ˽⹲ÕñÏÖÏ󣻶ø²¨ÐÎÏàλ±È½Ï·¨±ÈµÄÏÖÏó½ÏÖ±¹Û£¬¿É²Ù×÷ÐÔÇ¿£¬Ö»ÊÇÏàλÅбð²»ÈçÀîÈøÈçͼÏàλ±È½Ï·¨×¼È·£¬

µ«Ö»ÒªÈÏÕæ²Ù×÷£¬Îó²îÒ²²»»áÌ«´ó¡£

Âõ¿Ë¶úÑ·¸ÉÉæÒÇ

ʵÑéÄ¿µÄ

(1) Á˽âÂõ¿Ë¶úÑ·¸ÉÉæÒǵĽṹ¡¢Ô­Àí¼°µ÷½Ú·½·¨¡£

(2) ¹Û²ìµã¹âÔ´µÄµÈÇã¸ÉÉæͼÑù£¬ÓÃHe-Ne¼¤¹âÆ÷У׼¸ÉÉæÒǵľ«ÃÜË¿¸Ü¡£

£¨3£©¹Û²ì°×¹â¸ÉÉæͼÑù£¬ÀûÓð׹â¸ÉÉæ²â¶¨Í¸Ã÷±¡Ä¤µÄºñ¶È¡£

ʵÑé·½·¨Ô­Àí

(1) ÒÇÆ÷µÄ½á¹¹Ô­Àí

ÈçÓÒÉÏͼ£¬´Ó¹âÔ´S ·¢³öµÄ¹â£¬¾­Í¸¾µÀ©ÊøºóÉäÖÁ·ÖÊø°åG1 ÉÏ£¬Ò»²¿·Ö±»·´É䣬һ²¿·Ö±»Í¸É䣬Ȼºó±»Ï໥

´¹Ö±µÄÁ½Æ½Ãæ¾µM1 ºÍM2 ·´Éäºó¾­G1 ¶øÔÚÆÁE ´¦ÏàÓö£¬ÐγɸÉÉæÌõÎÆ¡£

(2) ²úÉú¸ÉÉæµÄµÈЧ¹â·

ÈçÓÒÏÂͼ£¬ ¸ÉÉæÏÖÏó¿ÉÒÔ¿´×÷ÊǹâÔ´ÔÚM1 ºÍM2´·´Éä¾µÖеÄÐé¹âÔ´ºÍÏà¸ÉÉæµÄ½á¹û¡£ËùÒÔs1 s2 = 2d ¡ä ¡ä

,µ±

Çã½ÇΪ¦È ʱ,ÓÉS1´ºÍS2´·¢³öµÄÏà¸É¹âµÄ¹â³Ì²î2 cos 2 cos ( 1) 0 0 ¦Ä = n d ¦È ¡Ö d ¦È n ¡Ö ¡£

(3) µ¥É«µã¹âÔ´²úÉúµÄ¸ÉÉæ

µ±¦Ä = k¦Ë£¨k ΪÕûÊý£©Ê±ÎªÃ÷ÌõÎÆ£¬¶ø¦Ä )¦Ë

2

1

= (k +

ʱΪ°µÌõÎÆ¡£¦Ä = 2d ¹â³Ì²î×î´ó£¬¦ÄËæ¦ÈÔö¼Ó¶ø¼õС£¬

ÇÒ¦ÈÏàͬµã¹â³Ì²î¦ÄÒ²Ïàͬ£¬Òò´ËÆÁÉϸÉÉæÌõÎÆÊÇһЩͬ

ÐÄÔ²»·£¬Ô½¿¿½ü»·ÐÄÌõÎƵļ¶´ÎÔ½´ó¡£ÕâÖÖ¸ÉÉæÊÇÓɹâÔ´

·¢³öµÄÇã½ÇÏàͬµÄ¹â¸ÉÉæµÄ½á¹û£¬¹Ê³ÆµÈÇã¸ÉÉæ¡£µ±Ôö¼Ó

ʱ£¬µÚk ¼¶ÌõÎÆÇã½Ç¦È±ØÔö´ó£¬ÔÚÆÁÉϽ«¿´µ½ÌõÎÆ´ÓÔ²ÐÄ

ÏòÍâ¡°Ó¿³ö¡±£¬·´Ö®¡°Ëõ½ø¡±¡£Ã¿µ±d ¸Ä±ä¦Ë/2 ʱ£¬¾Í

´ÓÔ²ÐÄ¡°Ó¿³ö¡±»ò¡°Ëõ½ø¡±Ò»¸öÌõÎÆ¡£

(4) µÈºñ¸ÉÉæ¡¢°×¹â¸ÉÉæ

µ±¹âԴΪÃæ¹âÔ´£¬M1 ÓëM2´ÓÐ΢С½Ç¶Èʱ£¬ÐγɿÕÆø¼â£¬

·¢ÉúµÈºñ¸ÉÉæ¡£ÌõÎÆÊÇһЩƽÐÐM1 ÓëM2´½»ÏßµÄÖ±Ïß¡£ÌõÎÆ

¼ä¾àÓë¼Ð½Ç³Ê·´±È¡£ÈôÓð׹âÕÕÉ䣬¿ÉÒÔÖ±½ÓÔÚM1 µÄ·´ÉäÃæ

ÉϹ۲쵽²ÊÉ«ÌõÎÆ¡£

ʵÑé²½Öè

(1) ÓÃHe-Ne¼¤¹âÆ÷µ÷½ÚÂõ¿Ë¶úÑ·¸ÉÉæÒÇ£¬Ð£×¼¾«ÃÜË¿

¸Ü¡£

¢Ù ת¶¯¸ÉÉæÒÇ´Öµ÷ÊÖÂÖ£¬Ê¹M1λÖÃÊʵ±£¬µ÷½ÚM2±³ÃæµÄ

µ÷½ÚÂÝË¿£¬Ê¹Ã¿¸öÂÝË¿µÄλÖÃÊÊÖУ¬µ÷½ÚM2¾µ¼ÜϵÄÀ­»ÉÂÝ˿ҲʹËûÃÇ´¦ÓÚÊÊÖÐλÖá£

¢Ú ´ò¿ª¼¤¹âÆ÷µçÔ´¿ª¹Ø£¬Èü¤¹âÊøÉäÏòM2Öв¿£¬Ê¹¼¤¹â·µ»Ø¹âµãÔÚÔÚ¼¤¹âÆ÷³öÉä¿Ú¸½½ü¡£·´Éä¹âÏߺÍͶÉä¹âÏßÔÚ

M1ºÍM2Öв¿¡£

¢Û µ÷½ÚM2±³ÃæµÄÂÝË¿£¬Ê¹ÆÁEÉÏÁ½ÅŹâµã¶ÔÓ¦Öغϣ¬²¢¿ÉÔÚÖغϹâµãÄÚ¿´µ½¸ÉÉæÌõÎÆ

¢Ü ÓÃ͸¾µÊ¹¼¤¹âÀ©Êø£¬µ÷ÕûÀ©Êø¾µÊ¹À©ÊøºóµÄ¼¤¹âÉäµ½·ÖÊø°åÉÏ£¬ÔÚ¹Û²ìÆÁÉϾͻá³öÏÖÃ÷ÏԵĸÉÉæÌõÎÆ¡£Èô¸ÉÉæ

ÌõÎƵÄÔ²ÐÄÔÚÊÓ³¡Ö®Í⣬¿ÉÇá΢µ÷ÕûM2±³ÃæµÄÂÝ˿ʹ»·ÐÄÏòÊÓ³¡Ç÷½ü¡£

¢Ý ÑØͬ·½Ïòת¶¯Î¢µ÷¹ÉÂÖ£¬Ê¹ÌõÎÆËõ½ø»òÓ¿³ö£¬¼Ç¼M1µÄ³õʼλÖã¬È»ºóÿ±ä»¯50Ìõ¼Ç¼һ´ÎM1µÄλÖã¬Á¬³õʼλ

Öù²²â8´Î¡£

(2) Óð׹â¸ÉÉæµÄ²ÊÉ«ÌõÎƲⶨ͸Ã÷±¡Ä¤µÄºñ¶È

¢Ù ÔÚÇ°Ò»²½ÊµÑéµÄ»ù´¡ÉÏ£¬×ª´Öµ÷ÊÖÂÖʹM1´ÓM2´µÄÍⲿÏòM2´¿¿½ü£¬Í¬Ê±ÅäºÏµ÷½ÚM2 ±³ÃæµÄÂÝË¿ºÍϲ¿µÄÀ­»ÉÂÝ

¶¤£¬Ö±µ½ÌõÎƱä¿í±äÏ¡£¬ÊÓ³¡ÖнöÄÜÈÝÄÉÒ»ÌõÉõÖÁ²»µ½Ò»ÌõÌõÎÆΪֹ¡£

¢Ú ½«Ã«²£Á§·Åµ½·ÖÊø°åÅÔÇÒ´¹Ö±ÓÚ¼¤¹âÊø£¬·ÅϹ۲ìÆÁ£¬°×Ö¯µÆ͸¹ýë²£Á§ÕÕÉäµ½·ÖÊø°åÉÏ,ÑÛ¾¦¶¢×¡Æ½Ãæ¾µM1£¬

ת¶¯Î¢µ÷¹ÄÂÖʹM1 ¼ÌÐø´ÓM2´ÍⲿÏòM2´¿¿½ü£¬¿É¼ûÌõÎÆÏò°¼²àÒƶ¯£¬Ö±µ½ÊÓ³¡Öв¿ÌõÎÆ¿ì±äֱʱ,¾ÍÄܹ۲쵽°×¹â¸ÉÉæ

µÄ²ÊÉ«ÌõÎÆ.´Ëʱ¼Ç¼M1 µÄλÖÃx1,È»ºóÔÚM1 Ç°ÓëM1 ƽÐзÅÈë͸Ã÷±¡Ä¤,±ØÐë¼ÌÐøÑØÔ­·½Ïòת¶¯Î¢µ÷¹ÄÂÖ,²ÅÄÜÔٴγöÏÖ

²ÊÉ«ÌõÎÆ,Ôڴ˶ÁÈ¡M1 λÖÃx2.Öظ´²âÁ¿6 ´Î

Êý¾Ý´¦Àí

ÌõÎƱ仯ÊýÓëÆä¶ÔÓ¦×ø±êÖµ¼Ç¼±í

ÌõÎƱä

»¯Êý

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

M1 λÖÃ

x /mm

32.16074 32.17668 32.19262 32.20846 32.22430 32.24071 32.25604 32.27202

±ä»¯100 ÌõM1 Ó¦Òƶ¯µÄÀíÂÛ³¤¶Èd=50¦Ë=50¡Á650=3.25¡Á10-2mm¡£

±ä»¯100 ÌõM1 Òƶ¯µÄʵ¼Ê³Ì¶ÈΪ

=

¡Á

? + ? + ? + ?

¡ä =

4 2

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 4 0 5 1 6 2 7 3 d x x x x x x x x 3.18¡Á10-2mm

=

? ¡ä

=

d

E d d d -0.35%

²â¶¨±¡Ä¤²âÁ¿¼Ç¼

´ÎM1 λÖÃ/mm | | 1 2 d x x i ¦¤ = ? ƽ¾ùÐÞÕýºó

Êý

/mm ¦¤d /mm d d E d d ¦¤ = ¦¤ + ¦¤

/mm

1 x 2 x

1 30.83365 30.81510 0.01855

0.018133 0.018070

2 30.83391 30.81600 0.01791

3 30.83372 30.81580 0.01792

4 30.83360 30.81508 0.01852

5 30.94281 30.92491 0.01790

6 30.94260 30.92460 0.01800

0.00013

( 1)

6

1

( )2

( ) =

?

¦²=

¦¤ ? ¦¤

¦¤ =

n n

i i d d

uA d mm uB (¦¤d ) = 0.0002 mm

u(¦¤d ) = uA2(¦¤d ) + uB2(¦¤d ) = 0.00024 mm 0.0333670

1

1

0

=

?

? ¦¤ = ?

?

?

?

? ?

?

?

n

n

S d mm

( ) 0.0006

1

1

0

( ) ¦¤ =

?

? = ¦¤ ?

?

?

?

? ?

?

?

u d

n

n

uc S mm U = 2uc (¦¤S ) = 0.0012 mm

S = S ¡ÀU = (0.033 ¡À 0.001) mm k = 2

1. ÕâÀï¹Û²ìµ½µÄ»·ÐθÉÉæÌõÎÆ£¬´ÓÍâ¹ÛÉÏ¿´£¬ÓëÅ£¶Ù»·ÓÐÄÄЩÏàËÆÖ®´¦?´Ó²úÉúµÄÔ­ÒòºÍÓÉÄÚÏòÍ⼶´ÎµÄ±ä»¯À´

¿´Óкβ»Í¬? ´ð£º´ÓÍâ¹ÛÉÏ¿´¶¼ÊÇͬÐÄÔ°»·£¬¶øÅ£¶Ù»·ÊǵȺñ¸ÉÉ棬ÕâÀïÊǵÈÇã¸ÉÉ棬ţ¶Ù»·Êǵͼ¶´ÎµÄ¸ÉÉæÌõÎÆÔÚ

ÖÐÐÄ£¬Ô½Í⼶´ÎÔ½¸ß£¬¶øÂõÊϸÉÉæÕýÏà·´¡£

2. ÔÚM1 Èçͼ3-14-4 ËùʾµÄÒƶ¯¹ý³ÌÖУ¬½«¿´µ½ÌõÎƵÄÊèÃܺÍÔ˶¯Çé¿öÓкα仯?

´ð£º´ÓÃܵ½Ê裬´ÓÊèµ½ÃÜ£¬´ÓÌõÎÆÏò»·ÐÄËõ½øµ½´Ó»·ÐÄÏòÍâÓ¿³ö¡£

3. °×¹âÕÕÉäÏ£¬M1 ÔÚG1 ºÍM2¡äÖ®¼ä²¢Öð½¥ÏòM2¡äÒƶ¯¹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÄÜ·ñ¹Û²ìµ½²ÊÉ«¸ÉÉæÌõÎÆ?¿É·ñÓÃÕâÖÖ×ö·¨À´²âÁ¿

±¡Ä¤ºñ¶È?Ϊʲô? ´ð£ºÄܹ۲쵽£¬µ«ÊÇÔÚʵ¼Ê²âÁ¿ÖУ¬Ò»°ã²»²ÉÓÃÕâÖÖ×ö·¨£¬Ô­ÒòÊǶԳõѧÕ߶øÑÔ£¬ÓÉÓÚʵÑé¾­ÑéµÈ

ÒòËØ£¬·Ç³£ÈÝÒײúÉú»Ø³ÌÎó²î£¬¸øʵÑé½á¹û´øÀ´Ó°Ïì¡£

½ðÊôË¿µ¯ÐÔÄ£Á¿µÄ²âÁ¿

ʵÑéÄ¿µÄ

(1) ÕÆÎÕ¹â¸Ü¸Ë·Å´ó·¨²â΢С³¤¶È±ä»¯Á¿µÄÔ­Àí¡£

(2) ѧ»á²âÁ¿µ¯ÐÔÄ£Á¿µÄ·½·¨¡£

(3) ѧ»áʹÓÃÖð²î·¨´¦ÀíÊý¾Ý¡£

ʵÑé·½·¨Ô­Àí

½ðÊôÖùÌ峤L£¬½ØÃæ»ýΪS£¬ÑØÖùµÄ×ÝÏòÊ©Á¦F1£¬ÎïÌåÉ쳤»òËõ¶Ì

Ϊ¦¤L£¬Ôòµ¯ÐÔÄ£Á¿

L L

Y F S

/

/

¦¤

= ¡£ÓÉÓÚ¦¤L ÉõС£¬ÐèÒªÓùâ¸Ü¸Ë·Å´ó

ºó²ÅÄܱ»½Ï׼ȷµÄ±»²âÁ¿¡£

¿ªÊ¼Ê±Æ½Ãæ¾µM µÄ·¨Ïßon ÔÚˮƽλÖ㬱ê³ßH ÉϵĿ̶Èno ·¢³ö

¹âͨ¹ýƽÃæ¾µ·´É䣬no µÄÏñÔÚÍûÔ¶¾µÖб»¹Û²ìµ½¡£¼ÓíÀÂëʱ£¬½ðÊôË¿

É쳤¦¤L£¬¹â¸Ü¸Ëºó×ãÏÂÂ䦤L£¬Æ½Ã澵ת¹ýÒ»¸ö¦Á½Ç£¬´Ëʱ±ê³ßÉÏ¿Ì

Ïß¾­Æ½Ãæ¾µ·´ÉäÔÚÍûÔ¶¾µÖб»¹Û²ìµ½¡£¸ù¾Ý¼¸ºÎ¹Øϵ

b

¦¤L

tan¦Á =

D

¦¤n

tan 2¦Á = n

D

¦¤L b ¦¤

2

=

¹â¸Ü¸Ë·Å´óÔ­Àíͼ

Òò¶ø£¬

d b n

Y FLD

¦Ð 2 ¦Ä

= 8 ¡£ÓÉn

D

¦¤L b ¦¤

2

= ¿ÉÖª£¬¹â¸Ü¸ËµÄ·Å´ó±¶ÊýΪ

b

2D

¡£

ʵÑé²½Öè

1. µ¯ÐÔÄ£Á¿²â¶¨Òǵĵ÷½Ú

(1) ×óÓÒ¹Û²ìÓëµ÷½Ú

(2) ÉÏϹ۲ìÓëµ÷½Ú

(3) ¾µÄÚ¹Û²ìÓëµ÷½Ú

(4) ÊÓ²îµÄ¼ì²âÓëÅųý

2. ¼Ó¼õíÀÂë²âÁ¿

3. ¸ÖË¿³¤¶ÈµÄ²âÁ¿

4. ¸ÖË¿Ö±¾¶µÄ²âÁ¿

5. ¹â¸Ü¸Ë×ã¼ä¾àµÄ²âÁ¿

Êý¾Ý´¦Àí

µ¥´Î²âÁ¿Êý¾Ý´¦Àí±í

²âÁ¿ÖµN ²»È·¶¨¶Èu = uB u / N N ¡À u

L /mm 726.0 ¡À2 0.0028 726¡À2

D /mm 1765.0 ¡À4 0.0023 1765¡À4

b /mm 77.5 ¡À0.9 0.0116 77.5¡À0.9

¸ÖË¿Ö±¾¶d Êý¾Ý´¦Àí±í

´ÎÊýn 1 2 3 4 5 6 d UB/mm

di/mm 0.704 0.704 0.705 0.704 0.705 0.702

0.704 0.004

¦¤di=

di-d/mm

0 0 0.001 0 0.001 0.002

. mm

n( n )

( d )

u ( d ) i

n

i

A 0 002

1

2

1 =

?

= =

¦² ¦¤

. mm

u( d ) u A( d ) uB ( d )

0 004

2 2

=

= + 0.0057 ( ) =

d

u d

( )mm

d d ud

= 0.704 ¡À 0.004

= ¡À

±ê¶È³ßʾÊý¼°Êý¾Ý´¦Àí

íÀÂëÖÊÁ¿

£¯kg

0 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.0 11.0

¼ÓÂë¶ÁÊý

(n) /mm

0 4.3 9.0 13.0 17.0 22.4 26.0 30.0 34.0 38.0 42.0 46.0

¼ÓÂë¶ÁÊý

(n/) /mm

0.5 4.5 9.2 12.8 17.3 22.6 26.2 30.6 34.4 38.3 42.4 46.0

ƽ¾ùÖµ

(ni) /mm

0.25 4.4 9.1 12.9 17.2 22.5 26.1 30.3 34.2 38.2 42.2 46.0

n n mm ni i i / 6 = ? + ¦Ä

25.8 25.9 25.1 25.3 25.1 24.5 25.26

6

1 6

1

= ¦² =

n i= ni ¦Ä ¦Ä

¦¤¦Äni =¦Ä ni ?¦Än /mm

0.49 0.64

-0.1

6

-0.0

1

-0.1

1

-0.7

6

( ) ( ) 0.15

30

1 2

6

1

= ¦² ¦¤ =

A n i = ni u ¦Ä ¦Ä

uB (¦Än ) = 0.3/mm

( ) = 2 ( )+ 2 ( ) = 0.8 u ¦Ä n u A ¦Ä n u B ¦Ä n

( )

= 0.012

n

n u

¦Ä

¦Ä

11 2

2 6 3 3

3 3

1.979 10 /

3.142 0.704 10 77.5 10 25.26 10

8 8 6 9.808 726 10 1765 10 N m

d b

Y FLD

n

= ¡Á

¡Á ¡Á ¡Á ¡Á ¡Á ¡Á

¡Á ¡Á ¡Á ¡Á ¡Á ¡Á

= = ? ? ?

? ?

¦Ð ¦Ä

( ) ( ) ( ) = ( ( ))2 + ( )2 + ( )2 + (2 ( ))2 + ( ( ))2 + ( ( ))2 = 0.0205

n

n u

b

u b

d

u d

D

u D

L

u L

F

u F

Y

u Y

¦Ä

¦Ä

±ê×¼²»È·¶¨¶ÈΪ( ) ( ) 0.0401 1011N /m2

Y

u Y Y u Y = ¡Á

?

=

À©Õ¹²»È·¶¨¶ÈΪ

U = 2u(Y ) = 0.08¡Á1011N /m2

ËùÒÔ½á¹û±í´ïʽΪY = (Y ¡ÀU ) = (1.98 ¡À 0.08)¡Á1011N /m2

1. ¹â¸Ü¸ËÓÐʲôÓŵ㣬ÔõÑùÌá¸ß¹â¸Ü¸Ë²âÁ¿µÄÁéÃô¶È?

´ð£ºÓŵãÊÇ£º¿ÉÒÔ²âÁ¿Î¢Ð¡³¤¶È±ä»¯Á¿¡£Ìá¸ß·Å´ó±¶Êý¼´Êʵ±µØÔö´ó±ê³ß¾àÀëD »òÊʵ±µØ¼õС¹â¸Ü¸ËÇ°ºó½ÅµÄ´¹Ö±¾àÀë

b£¬¿ÉÒÔÌá¸ßÁéÃô¶È£¬ÒòΪ¹â¸Ü¸ËµÄ·Å´ó±¶ÊýΪ2D/b¡£

2. ºÎνÊӲÔõÑùÅжÏÓëÏû³ýÊÓ²î?

´ð£ºÑÛ¾¦¶Ô×ÅÄ¿¾µÉÏ¡¢ÏÂÒƶ¯£¬ÈôÍûÔ¶¾µÊ®×Ö²æË¿µÄˮƽÏßÓë±ê³ßµÄ¿Ì¶ÈÓÐÏà¶ÔλÒÆ£¬ÕâÖÖÏÖÏó½ÐÊӲϸµ÷µ÷½¹ÊÖÂÖ

¿ÉÏû³ýÊӲ

3. ΪʲôҪÓÃÖð²î·¨´¦ÀíʵÑéÊý¾Ý?

´ð£ºÖð²î·¨ÊÇʵÑéÊý¾Ý´¦ÀíµÄÒ»ÖÖ»ù±¾·½·¨£¬ÊµÖʾÍÊdzä·ÖÀûÓÃʵÑéËùµÃµÄÊý¾Ý£¬¼õÉÙËæ»úÎó²î£¬¾ßÓжÔÊý¾Ýȡƽ¾ùµÄ

Ч¹û¡£ÒòΪ¶ÔÓÐЩʵÑéÊý¾Ý£¬Èô¼òµ¥µÄÈ¡¸÷´Î²âÁ¿µÄƽ¾ùÖµ£¬Öмä¸÷²âÁ¿Öµ½«È«²¿Ïûµô£¬Ö»Ê£Ê¼Ä©Á½¸ö¶ÁÊý£¬Êµ¼ÊµÈÓÚ

µ¥´Î²âÁ¿¡£ÎªÁ˱£³Ö¶à´Î²âÁ¿µÄÓÅÔ½ÐÔ£¬Ò»°ã¶ÔÕâÖÖ×Ô±äÁ¿µÈ¼ä¸ô±ä»¯µÄÇé¿ö£¬³£°ÑÊý¾Ý·Ö³ÉÁ½×飬Á½×éÖð´ÎÇó²îÔÙËã

Õâ¸ö²îµÄƽ¾ùÖµ¡£

Ëæ»úÎó²îµÄͳ¼Æ¹æÂÉ

ʵÑéÄ¿µÄ

(1) ͨ¹ýһЩ¼òµ¥²âÁ¿£¬¼ÓÉî¶ÔËæ»úÎó²îͳ¼Æ¹æÂɵÄÈÏʶ

(2) ѧϰÕýÈ·¹ÀËãËæ»úÎó²î¡¢ÕýÈ·±í´ïÖ±½Ó²âÁ¿½á¹ûµÄÒ»°ã·½·¨

(3) Á˽âÔËÓÃͳ¼Æ·½·¨Ñо¿ÎïÀíÏÖÏóµÄ¼òµ¥¹ý³Ì

ʵÑé·½·¨Ô­Àí

¶ÔijһÎïÀíÁ¿ÔÚÏàͬÌõ¼þϽøÐÐn ´ÎÖظ´²âÁ¿(n>100),µÃµ½n ¸ö½á¹û, , , , 1 2 n x x ? x ÏÈÕÒ³öËüµÄ×îСֵºÍ×î

´óÖµ£¬È»ºóÈ·¶¨Ò»¸öÇø¼ä[x¡ä,x¡ä¡ä]£¬Ê¹Õâ¸öÇø¼ä°üº¬ÁËÈ«²¿²âÁ¿Êý¾Ý¡£½«Çø¼ä[x¡ä,x¡ä¡ä]·Ö³ÉÈô¸É¸öСÇø¼ä£¬±ÈÈçK

¸ö£¬Ôòÿ¸öСÇø¼äµÄ¼ä¸ô¦¤ Ϊ

K

x ¡ä¡ä ? x ¡ä

¦¤ = £¬Í³¼Æ²âÁ¿½á¹û³öÏÖÔÚ¸÷¸öСÇø¼äµÄ´ÎÊýM (³ÆΪƵÊý)¡£ÒÔ²âÁ¿Êý

¾ÝΪºá×ø±ê£¬Ö»Ðè±êÃ÷¸÷Çø¼äµÄÖеãÖµ£¬ÒÔƵÊýM Ϊ×Ý×ø±ê£¬»­³ö¸÷СÇø¼ä¼°Æä¶ÔÓ¦µÄƵÊý¸ß¶È£¬Ôò¿ÉµÃµ½Ò»

×é¾ØÐÎͼ£¬Õâ¾ÍÊÇͳ¼ÆÖ±·½Í¼¡£Ö±·½Í¼µÄ°üÂç±íʾƵÊýµÄ·Ö²¼£¬Ëü·´Ó³Á˲âÁ¿Êý¾ÝµÄ·Ö²¼¹æÂÉ£¬Ò²¼´Ëæ»úÎó²îµÄ

·Ö²¼¹æÂÉ¡£

ʵÑé²½Öè

(1) Óø־í³ß²âÁ¿°ÚÏß³¤¡£

(2) ÓÃÓα꿨³ß²âÁ¿°ÚÇòÖ±¾¶¡£

(3) µ±°Ú³¤²»±ä£¬°Ú½Ç(СÓÚ5o)±£³ÖÒ»¶¨Ê±£¬°Ú¶¯µÄÖÜÆÚÊÇÒ»¸öºãÁ¿£¬ÓÃÊý×ÖÃë±í²âÁ¿µ¥°ÚµÄÖÜÆÚÖÁÉÙ100´Î£¬¼Æ

Ëã²âÁ¿½á¹ûµÄƽ¾ùÖµT ºÍËãÊõƽ¾ùÖµµÄ±ê×¼²îS (x )¡£

(4) ±£³Ö°Ú³¤²»±ä£¬Ò»´Î²âÁ¿20¸öÒÔÉÏÈ«Õñ¶¯µÄʱ¼ä¼ä¸ô£¬Ëã³öÕñ¶¯ÖÜÆÚ¡£

Êý¾Ý´¦Àí

2.07 2.12 2.12 2.16 2.16 2.03 2.06 2.03 2.23 1.84

2.00 2.22 2.11 2.01 2.31 1.94 2.12 2.19 2.06 2.13

2.43 2.12 2.22 2.22 2.13 1.81 1.99 2.03 2.12 2.17

1.91 2.18 2.03 2.19 2.28 2.06 2.06 2.16 2.00 2.00

2.06 2.28 2.16 2.12 2.00 2.09 2.12 1.97 2.11 2.22

2.10 2.03 2.09 1.94 1.93 2.06 2.11 2.13 2.09 2.06

1.94 1.90 1.99 1.91 2.12 2.16 2.13 2.13 2.18 1.91

2.00 1.98 2.00 2.04 2.12 2.05 2.06 2.12 2.03 2.23

2.06 2.25 2.16 2.10 2.11 2.07 2.04 2.09 2.19 2.35

1.99 2.04 2.13 2.22 2.09 2.07 2.10 2.00 2.12 2.07

СÇø¼äСÇø¼äÖеãֵƵÊýM Ïà¶ÔƵÊýM/n

1.811 ¡«1.872 1.841 2 0.02

1.872 ¡«1.934 1.093 5 0.05

1.934 ¡«1.996 1.965 8 0.08

1.996 ¡«2.058 2.027 18 0.18

2.058 ¡«2.120 2.089 34 0.34

2.120 ¡«2.182 2.151 19 0.19

2.182 ¡«2.244 2.213 8 0.08

2.244 ¡«2.306 2.275 3 0.03

2.306 ¡«2.368 2.337 2 0.02

2.368 ¡« 2.430 2.399 1 0.01

l = 0.990 m d = 0.03364 m 1.00682

2

L = l + d = m

20T ¡ä = 40.44 s

2.051

100

100

= 1 =

¦² =

i

i x

T s

0 006724

1

100

1

2

.

( )

( )

( ) =

?

?

=

¦²¦²=

=

n n

x x

S x i

i

s

T =T ¡À 2S (x ) = (2.05 ¡À 0.01) s

2.022

20

T ¡ä = 40.44 = s

2

2

2

4 L 9.2910m / s

T

gT = =

¦Ð

2

2

2

4 L 9.5594m / s

T

gT =

¡ä

= ¡ä

¦Ð

2

0 g = 9.80891m / s

100% 5.28%

0

0 ¡Á =

?

=

g

g g

E T

T

100% 2.54%

0

0 ¡Á =

?

= ¡ä

g

g g

E T

T

1. ʲôÊÇͳ¼ÆÖ±·½Í¼? ʲôÊÇÕý̬·Ö²¼ÇúÏß?Á½ÕßÓкιØϵÓëÇø±ð?

´ð£º¶ÔijһÎïÀíÁ¿ÔÚÏàͬÌõ¼þÏÂ×ön ´ÎÖظ´²âÁ¿£¬µÃµ½Ò»ÏµÁвâÁ¿Öµ£¬ÕÒ³öËüµÄ×î´óÖµºÍ×îСֵ£¬È»ºóÈ·¶¨Ò»¸öÇø¼ä£¬

ʹÆä°üº¬È«²¿²âÁ¿Êý¾Ý£¬½«Çø¼ä·Ö³ÉÈô¸ÉСÇø¼ä£¬Í³¼Æ²âÁ¿½á¹û³öÏÖÔÚ¸÷СÇø¼äµÄƵÊýM£¬ÒÔ²âÁ¿Êý¾ÝΪºá×ø±ê£¬ÒÔƵ

ÊýM Ϊ×Ý×ø±ê£¬»®³ö¸÷СÇø¼ä¼°Æä¶ÔÓ¦µÄƵÊý¸ß¶È£¬Ôò¿ÉµÃµ½Ò»¸ö¾ØÐÎͼ£¬¼´Í³¼ÆÖ±·½Í¼¡£

Èç¹û²âÁ¿´ÎÊýÓú¶à£¬Çø¼äÓú·ÖÓúС£¬Ôòͳ¼ÆÖ±·½Í¼½«Öð½¥½Ó½üÒ»Ìõ¹â»¬µÄÇúÏߣ¬µ±n Ç÷ÏòÓÚÎÞÇî´óʱµÄ·Ö²¼³ÆΪÕý

̬·Ö²¼£¬·Ö²¼ÇúÏßΪÕý̬·Ö²¼ÇúÏß¡£

2. Èç¹ûËù²âµÃµÄÒ»×éÊý¾Ý£¬ÆäÀëÉ¢³Ì¶È±È±íÖÐÊý¾Ý´ó£¬Ò²¾ÍÊǼ´S(x)±È½Ï´ó£¬ÔòËùµÃµ½µÄÖÜÆÚƽ¾ùÖµÊÇ·ñÒ²»á²îÒìºÜ

´ó?

´ð£º£¨²»»áÓкܴó²î¾à£¬¸ù¾ÝËæ»úÎó²îµÄͳ¼Æ¹æÂɵÄÌصã¹æÂÉ£¬ÎÒÃÇÖªµÀµ±²âÁ¿´ÎÊý±È½Ï´óʱ£¬¶Ô²âÁ¿Êý¾ÝÈ¡ºÍ

Çóƽ¾ù£¬Õý¸ºÎó²î¼¸ºõÏ໥µÖÏû£¬¸÷Îó²îµÄ´úÊýºÍÇ÷ÓÚÁã¡£

10

20

40

30

1.841 1.903 1.965 2.027 2.089 2.151 2.213 2.275 2.337 2.399

µ¥°ÚÖÜÆÚͳ¼ÆÖ±·½Í¼

x

M

3. ²âÁ¿°¼Í¸¾µ½¹¾àf ºÍʵÑéÊÒ¸ø³öµÄf0£¬±È½Ïºó¼ÆËã³öµÄE Öµ£¨Ïà¶ÔÎó²î£©Ò»°ã±È½Ï´ó£¬ÊÔ·ÖÎöE

´óµÄÔ­Òò?

´ð£ºE ½Ï´óµÄÔ­Òò¿ÉÄÜÊÇÒòΪ·ÅÈ밼͸¾µºóËù³ÉÏñµÄÇåÎú¶ÈºÜÄÑÈ·¶¨£¬¼´ÏñµÄ¾Û½¹Çé¿ö²»ºÃ£¬´Ó

¶øµ¼ÖºÜÄѲâ³öÇåÎú³ÉÏñµÄλÖá£

4. ÔÚ²âÁ¿Í¹Í¸¾µµÄ½¹¾àʱ£¬¿ÉÒÔÀûÓòâµÃµÄ¶à×éu¡¢v Öµ£¬È»ºóÒÔu+v ×÷×ÝÖᣬÒÔu¡¤v ×÷ºáÖᣬ»­³ö

ʵÑéÇúÏß¡£¸ù¾Ýʽ(3-15-1)ÊÂÏÈÍƶÏÒ»ÏÂʵÑéÇúÏß½«ÊôÓÚʲôÀàÐÍ£¬ÔõÑù¸ù¾ÝÕâÌõÇúÏßÇó³ö͸¾µµÄ½¹¾à

f?

´ð£ºÇúÏßÊÇÖ±Ïߣ¬¿É¸ù¾ÝÖ±ÏßµÄбÂÊÇó³öf£¬f=1/k£¬ÒòΪ1/f=1/u+1/v£¬¼´u ¦Ô

f u ¦Ô

+

=

£¬¹Ê¿ÉÓÐf=1/k¡£

5. ²âÁ¿Í¹Í¸¾µµÄ½¹¾àʱ£¬¿ÉÒÔ²âµÃ¶à×éu¡¢v Öµ£¬ÒÔv/u(¼´ÏñµÄ·Å´óÂÊ)×÷×ÝÖᣬÒÔv ×÷ºáÖᣬ»­³öʵÑé

ÇúÏß¡£ÊÔÎÊÕâÌõʵÑéÇúÏß¾ßÓÐʲôÐÎ×´?ÔõÑùÓÉÕâÌõÇúÏßÇó³ö͸¾µµÄ½¹¾àf ?

´ð£ºÇúÏßÊÇÖ±Ïߣ¬ÔÚºáÖáÉϵĽؾà¾ÍÊÇf¡£